Quiz 1 For Bio Tech Flashcards
What is transcription?
Transcription is the process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA).
What is translation
Translation is the process by which a cell makes proteins using the genetic information carried in messenger RNA(mRNA). The mRNA is made by copying DNA, and the information it carries tells the cell how to link amino acids together to form proteins
What is ribosome?
A ribosome is an intercellular structure made of both RNA and protein, and it is the site of protein synthesis in the cell. The ribosome reads the messenger RNA sequence and translates that genetic code into a specified string of amino acids, which grow into long chains that fold to form proteins.
What is mRNA?
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a type of single-stranded RNA involved in protein synthesis.
What is tRNA?
Transfer RNA (tRNA) is a small RNA molecule that plays a key role in protein synthesis. tRNA serves as a link between the mRNA molecule and the growing chain of amino acids that make up a protein.
What is rRNA?
Ribosomal ribonucleic acid or rRNA is a molecule in cells that forms part of the protein-synthesizing organelle known as a ribosome and that is exported to the cytoplasm to help translate the information in messenger RNA into protein
What is a codon?
A codon is a sequence of three consecutive nucleotides in a DNA or RNA molecule that codes for a specific amino acid
What is a start codon?
The Start codon (AUG) marks the beginning of a protein and where translation needs to begin.
What is a stop codon?
The stop codon (UGA, UAA, and UAG) marks the end of the protein and where translation needs to end
What is a promoter?
A promoter is a region of DNA where transcription of a gene is initiated. Promoters are a vital component of
Expression vectors because they control the binding of RNA polymerase to DNA.
What is a poly(A) tail?
The Poly(A)tail is a long chain of adenine nucleotides that is added to a mRNA molecule during RNA processing to increase the stability of the molecule
What is a 5’cap
Each DNA strand has a 5’ end where a phosphate group resides. The 5’ carbon if the sugar of nucleotide is connected to 3’ hydroxyl group on the next, with the phosphate group serving as a bridge between the nucleotides.
What is an Exon?
An exon is a region of the genome that ends up within an mRNA molecule. Some exons are coding, in that they contain information for making a protein, whereas others are non-coding.
What is an intron?
An intron is a region that resides within a gene but does not remain in the final mature mRNA molecule following transcription of that gene and does not code for amino acids that make up the protein encoded by that gene.
What is an anticodon?
The anticodon is a three-nucleotide sequence found in tRNA that binds to the corresponding mRNA sequence
