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Surgery and Radiology > Quiz 1 (Lecture 1) > Flashcards

Quiz 1 (Lecture 1) Flashcards

1
Q

what is the scrub area

A

Transitional area where staff can prepare to move into the surgical room

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2
Q

what is the surgery room

A

Sterile room used only for surgery

Can be cleanable and closed off to the rest of the hospital

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3
Q

3 parts of the surgery suite

A

prep, scrub, surgery room

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4
Q

Aseptic technique

A

Precautions taken to prevent contamination and ultimately infection of a surgical wound

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5
Q

you try to avoid what _______

A

Contamination

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6
Q

Contamination

A

Presence of microorganisms within or on wound

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7
Q

infection

A

Microorganisms that multiply and cause harm

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8
Q

what should you avoid on the gown table

A
  • no clutter

- sufficient space to allow two people to gown and glove simultaneously

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9
Q

3 factors determining infection

A
  • Virulence
  • Susceptibility of animal
  • Route of exposure
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10
Q

what is Virulence

A

Strength of microorganisms and it’s ability to cause disease

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11
Q

what is the Susceptibility of animal

A

each animal varies in it’s resistance to infection

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12
Q

what is the route of exposure

A

determined by the surgical procedure

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13
Q

4 potential sources contamination to the pet

A
  • Operating room personnel
  • Surgical environment
  • Surgical instruments and equipment
  • The patient
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14
Q

sterile and nonsterile items need to be kept ______

A

separate

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15
Q

which items only touch patient tissue

A

sterile items only

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16
Q

when in doubt it’s ___________

A

contaminated

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17
Q

what is Sterilization

A

Complete destruction of microorganisms on the surface of an object

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18
Q

examples of microorganisms

A

bacteria, viruses, spores

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19
Q

what things need to be Sterilization

A

Mainly objects that come in contact with patient tissue

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20
Q

what is Disinfection

A

Destruction of most pathogenic microorganisms on inanimate (not living) objects

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21
Q

name 3 Disinfectants

A

bactericidal, bacteriostatic, sporicidal

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22
Q

what is Antisepsis

A

Destruction of most pathogenic microorganisms on animate (living) objects

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23
Q

can skin be sterilized

A

No

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24
Q

name 1 surgical scrub

A
  • Chlorhexidine gluconate
  • povidone-iodine
  • hexachlorophene
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25
Q

3 things to remember when scrubbing

A
  • no jewellery
  • short fingernails
  • hands higher than elbows
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26
Q

how long does it take to scrub in

A

5-10 minutes

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27
Q

4 steps to do after washing your hands to prepare to gown

A
  • Dry hands and arms with sterile towel
  • Start at hand and work to elbow; blotting motion
  • Drop towel
  • Do not lower hands below waist
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28
Q

what does a gown do

A

barrier between skin of personnel and patient

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29
Q

which way does the inside of the gown face

A

Properly folded gowns have the inside of the gown facing outward

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30
Q

who ties the gown

A

Second, nonscrubbed person aids in pulling on the gown and tying the ties

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31
Q

what is closed gloving

A

Hand never comes in contact with outside of gown or glove

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32
Q

what is open gloving

A

When only the hands must be sterile

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33
Q

gloves are not a substitute for what

A

Not a substitute for proper scrubbing

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34
Q

what must you do before placing and ETT tube

A
  • Proper size tube: identified by internal diameter
  • Proper length of tube
  • Check cuff for leaks
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35
Q

2 things an ETT tube does

A
  • Ensure patent (clear /open) airway; facilitate patient ventilation
  • Provide easy delivery of volatile anesthetics
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36
Q

what does ETT stand for

A

Endotracheal tube

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37
Q

what does the Anesthetic Machine do

A

Deliver oxygen mixed with inhalation anesthetic to a breathing circuit

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38
Q

components of Anesthetic Machines

A
  • Oxygen source
  • Flowmeter (regulates oxygen flow)
  • Vaporizer
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39
Q

components of a rebreathing circuit

A
  • Reservoir bag
  • Manometer
  • Carbon dioxide absorbent canister
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40
Q

which type of animals use a rebreathing circuit

A

over 10 kg

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41
Q

what does the Carbon dioxide absorbent canister use

A

Eliminates carbon dioxide by soda lime (white crystals) absorption

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42
Q

difference between a rebreathing and non-rebreathing system (3)

A
  • No carbon dioxide absorber
  • Very little rebreathing of exhaled gases
  • Used in small animals (<10 kg)
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43
Q

non-breathing advantages (3)

A
  • Decreased resistance
  • Rapid change of anesthetic concentration
  • Lightweight, easy to use and clean
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44
Q

non-breathing disadvantages (3)

A
  • Uses more oxygen and anesthetic agent
  • More air pollution
  • Risk of hypothermia because isn’t warm
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45
Q

what is the name of the spay incision

A

Spay

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46
Q

Ovariohysterectomy

A

spay

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47
Q

Orchiectomy

A

castration

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48
Q

Laparotomy

A

abdomen incision

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49
Q

Splenectomy

A

removal of spleen

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50
Q

Cystotomy

A

bladder incsion

51
Q

Gastropexy

A

sewing stomach to wall

52
Q

Thoracotomy

A

thorax inscion

53
Q

Onychectomy

A

declawing

54
Q

what are tissue forceps for

A

to clamp and hold tissue and blood vessels

55
Q

2 rules about hemostats

A

Place on tissue with curve facing up

Use smallest hemostat that will do the job

56
Q

what are hemostats for

A

Crushing instruments to clamp blood vessels

57
Q

Ligation

A

tie-off

58
Q

retractors

A

To retract tissues to improve exposure

59
Q

how long does the autoclave need

A

9-15 minutes of exposure at 250F

60
Q

Cut and remove bone pieces

A

rongeurs

61
Q

Scrape surfaces of dense tissue

A

curettes

62
Q

4 general wrapping considerations

A
  • Do not wrap packs too tightly or too loosely
  • Place packs properly in autoclave
  • Leave air space between packs
  • Do not stack cloth packs on top of each other
63
Q

how to lubricant instruments

A

Instrument milk or surgical lubricant only

64
Q

when can you autoclave

A

after;
clean
lubricate
air dry

65
Q

you must ______ wrap the packs

A

double

66
Q

how do you order the instruments

A

Place in order of anticipated use

67
Q

the box lock are meant to be ____ in the pack

A

open

68
Q

indicators are used where

A

a indicator stip inside and autoclave tape on the outside

69
Q

2 methods of instrument cleaning

A

Ultrasonic and Enzymatic

70
Q

what does the Enzymatic method do

A

Removes protein material from instruments

71
Q

when should u rinse surgery instruments and in what

A

in cool water as soon as possible after surgery

72
Q

why don’t we use tap water

A

Tap water has minerals that stain and discolor

73
Q

which surgical supplies do u clean

A

Clean all surgical supplies and equipment that may come in contact with patient

74
Q

what can Preanesthetic medication do

A
  • Decrease salivation
  • Calming and analgesic agents
  • May cause vomiting
75
Q

what is induction

A

Short-term general anesthesia

76
Q

what does induction do

A

smooth transition from consciousness to unconsciousness

77
Q

when does intubation occur

A

after induction when jaw muscles are relaxed and loss of laryngeal reflexes

78
Q

what needs to happen after intubation

A

eye lube

79
Q

when intubating a cat u need to use what kind of spray

A

Lidocaine

80
Q

way to check for light anthestoc

A

blink reflex or toe pinch or blow in ear

81
Q

what are Volatile anesthetics

A

inhaled anesthetics

82
Q

which is easier to maintain Volatile anesthetics or injectable agents

A

Volatile anesthetics are easier to maintain than injectable agents

83
Q

3 disadvantages ISO

A

-Expense of equipment
- Knowledge and skill
- required
Toxicity

84
Q

high heart rate under Anthes can indicate

A

pain

85
Q

what does the capnometer measure

A

CO2 levels

86
Q

where does the Pulse oximeter go?

A

tongue

87
Q

what does body temp indicate

A

CNS and cardiovascular function

88
Q

5 things to asses Cardiovascular function

A
  • Heart rate - Mucous membrane color
  • Heart sounds -Capillary refill time (CRT)
  • Pulse quality and rate
  • Electrocardiography
  • Arterial blood pressure
89
Q

brick red MM

A

heat/stress/excitement

90
Q

icteric MM

A

liver problems

91
Q

pale MM

A

improper blood circulation

92
Q

what do surgical assistants wear

A

sterile gown and gloves

93
Q

name 3 thing a surgical assistant might do

A
  • Operates surgical suction
  • Passes instruments to surgeon
  • Keeps surgical site dry by blotting with gauze sponges
94
Q

what does a circulation assistant wear

A

non sterile clothing

95
Q

what does everyone in the surgery room need to wear

A

caps and masks

96
Q

what do circulating assistants do

A
  • Places needed supplies and equipment on stand

- Opens sterile materials and lets them fall on Mayo stand

97
Q

Nonsterile personnel can’t do what

A

Nonsterile personnel do not reach over table

98
Q

what do drapes do

A

Drapes maintain a sterile field around the surgical site

99
Q

what is true about Anything dropping or extending over table level

A

Anything dropping or extending over table level is nonsterile

100
Q

what is the hole in the drape called

A

fenestrations

101
Q

who opens outside wrap

A

Outside wrap opened by nonsterile personnel

102
Q

steps to opening sterile equipment

A
  • Grasp edges of peel back wrapper
  • Pull back slowly and symmetrically
  • Open away from the nonsterile body
  • Drop item on table or have sterile person pull it out
103
Q

4 prime licking times

A

Bedtime
Crate time
All day at work time
Walk time

104
Q

when should pets eat and drink post op

A

food: 48
water: 12-24

105
Q

how much food post-op

A

1/2 of normal

106
Q

don’e let them _____ on water

A

gorge

107
Q

how long does it take to get used to the cone

A

24 hours

108
Q

4 things a Well fitted cone can do

A

Well fitted cone can:

  • maintain healing time
  • reduce cost
  • reduce pain
  • prevent infection or further surgery
109
Q

what should clients check daily for

A
  • redness
  • swelling
  • discharge
  • poorly apposed tissue or protrusions
110
Q

how long should a cone be worn for

A

7-10 days

111
Q

3 things to check post-op

A 
Body temperature
Body weight daily
Attitude for pain evaluation
Appetite and thirst
Urination/defecation
Appearance of surgical wound
112
Q

3 complications

A

Hematoma
Infection
Hemorrhage

113
Q

how long for a scar to hold

A

7 day

114
Q

exercise in first 3-4 days

A

on leash out to backyard to relieve himself/herself

115
Q

exercise in first 4-7 days

A

short walks on leash only, <10mins

116
Q

exercise in first 7-10 days

A

can increase walk time if healing without complications, but nothing more than 10 minutes until the recheck appt

117
Q

what is an NSAID

A

NSAID – non steroidal anti inflammatory

118
Q

NSAID overdose

A

kidney shut down

119
Q

signs of pain

A
  • not eating and drinking
  • guarding their incision
  • restlessness or lethargic
  • vocalizing
120
Q

when should we be concerned about not eating

A

within 48 hrs (can vary 24-48)

121
Q

when should we be concerned about not drinking

A

within 24 hrs (can vary 12-24)

122
Q

when should you go through surgery instructions

A

before you bring out the animal

123
Q

how to remove sutures

A
  • Begun by grasping one or both suture ends
  • Pull knot away from the skin
  • Using suture removal scissors, cut one of two strands of suture beneath knot at skin surface and pull suture out

Surgery and Radiology (1 decks)

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