Quiz 2

Question 1

What are the primary elevators of the mandible?

Answer 1

Masseter
Temporalis
Medial pterygoid

Question 2

What is unique about the posterior portion of the temporalis?

Answer 2

It is active in returning the mandible

Question 3

Where does the temporalis muscle insert?

Answer 3

The Coronoid process of the mandible

Question 4

What is the primary protruder muscle of the mandible?

Answer 4

Lateral pterygoid muscle

Question 5

The superior head of the lateral pterygoid muscle is active in jaw ____ movements while the inferior head is active in jaw ___ movements.

Answer 5

1) closing

2) opening (and protrusion)

Question 6

What muscle causes depression of the mandible?

Answer 6

Digastric muscle

Question 7

What muscles are active in swallowing?

Answer 7

The supra hyoid and infra hyoid muscles and digastric muscles . The mandible is stabilized and elevation of the hyoid bone occurs which is necessary for the function of swallowing

Question 8

Name the order of nuclei/subnuclei in descending order

Answer 8

Motor nuclei 
Sensory nuclei
Subnuclei oralis
Subnuclei interpolaris 
Subnuclei caudalis

Question 9

What is a protoplasmic process?

Answer 9

Extension of the nerve cells (axons or dendrites)

Question 10

Where are all afferent synapses located?

Answer 10

In the gray matter

Question 11

True or false… There are no peripheral connections between sensory fibers.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

What is the difference between exteroreceptors and interoceptors?

Answer 12

Exteroreceptors provide info from the exterior tissues of the body

Interoceptors inform the CNS of the status of internal organs and processes such as blood flow, digestion, and breathing

Question 13

What subnuclei does tooth pulp afferents go to?

Answer 13

Subnucleus oralis
Subnucleus interpolaris
Subnucleus caudalis

Question 14

Motor reflexes of the face originate from where?

Answer 14

The trigeminal nerve

Question 15

What does the reticular formation do?

Answer 15

Monitors impulses that enter the brain stem.

Enhances or inhibits impulses

Question 16

What role does the thalamus play?

Answer 16

It is the relay from the cortex to the rest of the CNS. It’s kinda like a translator

Question 17

What is the role of the hypothalamus?

Answer 17

Major center of the brain for controlling internal body functions (body temp, breathing, hunger, etc. )

Question 18

What is the role of the limbic structures?

Answer 18

control emotional and behavioral activities

Question 19

What does the CPG (central pattern generator) do?

Answer 19

Pool of neurons within the brains stem that controls rhythmic muscle activity. (Walking, breathing, chewing)

Question 20

True or false…. Sensory input from the teeth, periodontal ligament, cheeks, and palate, are received and integrated in the CPG

Answer 20

True

Question 21

What are the two different phases of the closing phase?

Answer 21

Crushing phase and grinding phase

Question 22

What are the distances of the crushing phase?

Answer 22

Opening intercuspal position goes from 16-18mm to 3mm apart.

Also the mandible can go 3 -4mm lateral from starting position

Question 23

The harder the food the more ___ the closure stroke. Also ____ chewing strokes are needed

Answer 23

Lateral

More

Question 24

Which promotes more vertical chewing strokes… Tall cusps and deep fossae or flattened/worn cusps?

Answer 24

Tall cusps and deep fossae

Question 25

What is the average length of time for tooth contact during mastication?

Answer 25

194 ms

Question 26

What is the difference between somatic deglutition and visceral deglutition?

Answer 26

Somatic - adult uses teeth for mandibular stability

visceral - infant uses tongue forward and between the dental arches for mandibular stability

Question 27

True or false, the average duration of tooth contact is shorter and strength of tooth contact is weaker in deglutition in comparison to mastication.

Answer 27

False. Swallowing actually results in a stronger force and longer teeth contact