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Philosophy P100 > Quiz 3 > Flashcards

Quiz 3 Flashcards

0
Q

What is eternal law?

A

God’s rational plan or the big umbrella

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1
Q

How many kinds of law did Aquinas have?

A

Four

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2
Q

What is natural law?

A

A subset of eternal law that applies to human conduct and behavior

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3
Q

What is human law?

A

Laws made by the people

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4
Q

What is divine law?

A

Revelation or scripture

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5
Q

Who is the first to offer theory of civil disobedience?

A

Aquinas

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6
Q

What is Blaise Pascal famous for?

A

Pascals wager

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7
Q

Who said the heart has its reasons which the reason doesn’t understand?

A

Pascal

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8
Q

A wager is not a…..

A

Proof, not demonstrate, or conclusive

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9
Q

You should treat a question as…..

A

A wager or gamble

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10
Q

What is the bet Pascal refers to?

A

To bet God exist or to bet that he does not

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11
Q

What did Pascal think about believing in God?

A

It cost very little to believe in God and it may even be a net gain in this life.

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12
Q

If you believe in God and God exists…

A

You will have wash and infinite gain

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13
Q

If you believe in God and he doesn’t exist….

A

There is little or no gain or loss

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14
Q

If you do not believe in God and he ends up existing….

A

There is infinite loss

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15
Q

If you don’t believe in God and he ends up not existing….

A

There is wash and little gain or loss

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16
Q

Who is the father of modern philosophy?

A

Descartes

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17
Q

What did decartes come up with?

A

The Cartesian coordinates

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18
Q

How many powers does the mind have?

A

Two

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19
Q

What are the two powers the mind has?

A

Intuition and deduction

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20
Q

What do the two powers mean?

A

Knowledge is a seamless hole. All knowledge is the same kind and there’s one method.

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21
Q

How many rules of method are there?

A

Four

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22
Q

Who wrote the four rules of method?

A

Descartes

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23
Q

What is the first and most important rule of method?

A

Demand certainty

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24
Q

What does it mean to demand certainty?

A

Never accept something as true that you are not sure is true

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25
Q

What is the second rule of method?

A

Divide and conquer

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26
Q

What does it mean to divide and conquer?

A

Divide the problem into smaller pieces and the mountain now seems doable

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27
Q

What is the third rule of method?

A

Start with the easiest and work up

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28
Q

What is the fourth rule of method?

A

Check your work

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29
Q

Who wrote meditations?

A

Descartes

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30
Q

What does the demon say?

A

It may be possible to doubt reason. God is evil and gets joy out of making us imperfect

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31
Q

what does the dream say?

A

You can doubt your senses

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32
Q

What two things are always true even if you could put into consideration the demon hypothesis?

A

I exist.

I think, therefore, I am.

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33
Q

Who said everything that exist is one of two kinds of substance?

A

Descartes

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34
Q

What are the two types of substance that Descartes referred to?

A

Mind or body

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35
Q

Who had a difficult time explaining how mind and body interact?

A

Descartes

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36
Q

What was one criticism of the Cartesian circle?

A

He uses reason in an attempt to show reason works. Human reason is unreliable. He must know it’s reliable before he can prove it

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37
Q

Clear and distinct ideas are ideas that..

A

Are accent compelling

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38
Q

Once you prove an idea….

A

You must believe it

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39
Q

Ideas are so obvious…

A

We must believe them

40
Q

Who invented calculus?

A

Leibniz

41
Q

Descartes and Leibniz are…

A

Rationalists

42
Q

What does it mean to be a rationalist?

A

They emphasize the role of reason and deemphasize the senses.

43
Q

Leibniz d there were how many kinds of substance?

A

One. He reduced the Cartesian dualism down to a monism

44
Q

What was the one substance Leibniz referred to?

A

Monads

45
Q

What are monads?

A

They are not a physical particle. They are a force or energy.

46
Q

He refers to monads as windowless which means..

A

They are unaffected by anything around them or outside of them

47
Q

Monads have an internal program given by who?

A

God

48
Q

Why or how does the baseball break the window?

A

Preestablished harmony or choreography.

49
Q

What does it mean for the baseball to be referred to preestablished harmony?

A

It was time for the window to break. It was not the baseball who broke the window.

50
Q

When the world was created everything was compact but….

A

At the word “go” everything starts to unfold

51
Q

Everything that supposed to happen

A

Will

52
Q

What was problem number one for Leibniz?

A

Human freedom

53
Q

Leibniz said you can’t blame outside influences.

A

If you murder someone you are responsible for it. No external influences made you do it.

54
Q

What is problem number two for Leibniz?

A

The problem of evil comes back with a vengeance

55
Q

What is the solution to problems one and two?

A

This is the best of all possible worlds

56
Q

Why did Leibniz have a problem believing in God?

A

Because of evil

57
Q

What was John Locke?

A

Empiricist

58
Q

What’s an empiricist?

A

Knowledge comes through the senses not reason

59
Q

John Locke was the first to?

A

Claim epistomology was the first philosophy

60
Q

The mind is in direct contact with

A

Only the presentation that our senses give us, not the outside world.

61
Q

What theory did John Locke come up with?

A

Representational theory of ideas

62
Q

What did Locke deny?

A

That we have any innate ideas

63
Q

Where does all knowledge come from according to Locke?

A

Experience

64
Q

What are the two flavors of experience?

A

Sensation and reflection

65
Q

What sensation?

A

The actual moment

66
Q

What’s reflection?

A

The memories or abstract idea of the moment

67
Q

What did lock believe about substance?

A

Substance exists but we don’t know what it is

68
Q

What are primary qualities?

A

Qualities that really are in the object just as we perceive them to be. Such as motion or shape

69
Q

What are secondary qualities?

A

There is no exact counterpart in the objects. What is in the object is the power to produce in us certain sensations such as color taste and sound

70
Q

Who are social contract theorist?

A

Locke and Hobbes

71
Q

Who was the first social contract theorist?

A

Thomas Hobbes

72
Q

Hobbs describe the state of nature as

A

War of all against all. Solitary poor hasty brutish and short

73
Q

Who didn’t believe that there was justice or injustice?

A

Hobbes

74
Q

Did Locke agree that there was no justice or injustice?

A

Yes he believed there’s a law of nature and it is the natural law

75
Q

What are the four natural rights?

A

Life, health, liberty, & possessions

76
Q

What are the four ways lockes philosophy influenced the founding of the United States?

A

Inalienable natural rights
Right to revolution
Separation of powers
Religious tolerance

77
Q

Hume is

A

An empiricist and a social contract theorist

78
Q

What are the concepts of the mind according to Hume?

A

Perceptions

79
Q

What are the two kinds of perceptions?

A

Impressions and ideas

80
Q

What’s an impression

A

Joy while your experiencing it

81
Q

What’s an idea

A

Memories

82
Q

What’s hume’s famous line?

A

Show me the impression

83
Q

What are the three ways we associate ideas?

A

Resemblance
Closeness in space
Cause and effect (most important)

84
Q

What are the three components of the idea of causality?

A

Priority in time
Closeness in space
Necessary connections (most important)

85
Q

Necessary connections give the most probs because

A

Senses don’t give you necessity

86
Q

What’s causality

A

Habit of association, constant conjunction

87
Q

What other things must go:

A

God-we can’t prove his existence
The “self”
Substance
External world

88
Q

Who said “No good reason to believe in substance”

A

Hume

89
Q

What is hume’s fork?

A

All knowledge divided into two kinds: logical truths & empirical truths

90
Q

What are logical truths?

A

Relations of ideas

91
Q

What are empirical truths?

A

Matters of fact

92
Q

Logical truths are necessarily true, but

A

They’re uninformative

93
Q

Empirical truths are

A

Never necessary but are informative

94
Q

If it’s not a logical or empirical truth, then

A

It’s not something we can even think of

95
Q

What’s a criticism of hume’s fork

A

It cannot pass it’s own test. He can’t show us the impression.

96
Q

What’s hume’s moral theory?

A

It’s not contrary to reason to prefer the destruction of the whole world to the scratching of my finger

97
Q

What’s the fact/value gap

A

Facts have no value. Humans give them value

Philosophy P100 (2 decks)

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