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Ex Rx for Individuals with Chronic Disease > Quiz #5 > Flashcards

Quiz #5 Flashcards

1
Q

Kidney and Liver:
Responsible for most of the _ that provide nutrition to all cells

A

metabolic processes

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2
Q

The biochemicalprocess by which body converts food into energy

A

metabolic processes

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3
Q

Kidney and Liver:
Do we pay enough attention on them?
- _ adults diagnosed with kidney disease

A

4.9 million

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4
Q

Kidney and Liver:
Do we pay enough attention on them?
- _ percent of adults with diagnosed kidney disease

A

2.0%

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5
Q

Kidney and Liver:
Do we pay enough attention on them?
- cause of death rank

A

9th

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6
Q

Kidney and Liver:
Do we pay enough attention on them?
- _ adults with diagnosed liver disease

A

3.9 million

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7
Q

Kidney and Liver:
Do we pay enough attention on them?
- _ percent of adults with diagnosed liver disease

A

1.6%

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8
Q

Bean shape, behind liver and stomach

A

Kidney

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9
Q

Kidney functions:
- _ & _ waste and extra fluid from blood to form urine

A

Filter & remove

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10
Q

Kidney functions:
- _ blood before sending it back to the heart, waste gets removed, and salt, water, and minerals are adjusted

A

Filter

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11
Q

Kidney functions:
- Release _ that help produce red blood cells, promote bone health, and regulate blood pressure

A

hormones

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12
Q

Kidney functions:
- All blood in body passes through kidneys _

A

several times a day

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13
Q

Kidney Once Damaged:
- _ & _ build up

A

Waste & toxins

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14
Q

Kidney Once Damaged:
- Affect _ cells, tissues, metabolic pathways

A

all

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15
Q

Kidney Once Damaged:
- Can’t be cured, unless _ or _

A

transplant or dialysis

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16
Q

Chronic Kidney Disease - Pathophysiology:
- Becomes _
- Lose ability to _, then _
- Chronic condition

A
  • damaged
  • filter, then wastes build up
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17
Q

Chronic Kidney Disease caused by _

A
  • Hypertension
  • Diabetes
  • Injury
  • Poisoning
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18
Q

Two main causes of chronic kidney disease

A
  1. Hypertension
  2. Diabetes
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19
Q

A main cause of chronic kidney disease:
- Hypertension
– Kidneys are supplied with blood vessels, and _ of blood flow

A

high volumes

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20
Q

A main cause of chronic kidney disease:
- Hypertension
– Over time, uncontrolled _ can cause arteries to narrow, weaken or harden

A

High BP

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21
Q

A main cause of chronic kidney disease:
- Hypertension
– Damaged arteries cannot deliver enough blood to the _

A

kidney tissue

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22
Q

A main cause of chronic kidney disease:
- Diabetes
– High level of _ in the blood damage the filtering units in kidney

A

sugar

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23
Q

A main cause of chronic kidney disease:
- Diabetes
– _ diabetes patients develop kidney disease

A

20-30%

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24
Q

Football size, accounts 20% of resting total O2 consumption

A

Liver

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25
Q

Liver Function:
- The liver is responsible for _, usually in combination with other systems and organs.
- Currently, no artificial organ or device is capable of reproducing all the functions of the liver

A

> 500 vital functions

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26
Q

Liver Function:
- Blood supply

A

(15-18% of all blood)

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27
Q

Liver Function:
- _ the blood coming from the digestive tract, before passing it to the rest of the body

A

Filter

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28
Q

Liver Function:
- _ food

A

Digesting

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29
Q

Liver Function:
- Breakdown and remove _

A

toxic substance

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30
Q

Liver Function:
- Produce _

A

Proteins

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31
Q

Liver Once Damaged:
- _ caused by virus infections

A

Hepatitis (an inflammation of the liver)

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32
Q

Liver Once Damaged:
- _ be healed

A

Cannot

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33
Q

Late stage of scarring on liver

A

Chronic Liver Disease - Cirrhosis

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34
Q

Chronic Liver Disease - Cirrhosis:
- Each time liver is injured (whether by disease, excessive alcohol consumption or another cause), it tries to repair itself
- In the process, _ forms

A

scar tissue

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35
Q

Chronic Liver Disease - Cirrhosis:
- As cirrhosis progresses, _ forms, making it difficult for the liver to function

A

more and more scar tissue

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36
Q

Chronic Liver Disease - Cirrhosis:
- Lead to _

A

liver failure

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37
Q

Main causes of chronic liver disease

A
  • Infection (Hepatitis)
  • Immune system abnormality
  • Genetics
  • Alcohol abuse
  • Obesity
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38
Q

Main cause of chronic liver disease:
- Alcohol Abuse
– _ of consumedalcohol passes through the liver to be detoxified

A

85-90%

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39
Q

Main cause of chronic liver disease:
- Alcohol Abuse
– Chronic alcohol abuse causes destruction of _

A

liver cells

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40
Q

Main cause of chronic liver disease:
- Alcohol Abuse
– The liver can only process a certain amount of alcohol at a time
– When drink too much, the alcohol left unprocessed by the liver circulates through the _
– The alcohol in the blood starts affecting the heart and brain, which is how people become intoxicated (drunk)

A

bloodstream

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41
Q

Ex testing for CKD & CLD—low functional capacity in this population

A

Self-guided method, CVD risk factor, pre-screening

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42
Q

Ex testing for CKD & CLD—low functional capacity in this population:
- In patients receiving hemodialysis, testing should be scheduled for _

A

non-dialysis days

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43
Q

Ex testing for CKD & CLD—low functional capacity in this population:
- Tests

A

Senior fitness test; FITNESSGRAM; 6-min walk

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44
Q

Ex testing for CKD & CLD—low functional capacity in this population:
- Submaximal cycle ergometer or treadmill for _

A

low intensity

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45
Q

Ex programming for CKD (especially those on dialysis) & CLD patients use _

A

chronic disease guideline

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46
Q

Ex programming for CKD transplantation patients use _

A

chronic disease guideline

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47
Q

Ex programming for CKD & CLD:
_ at the beginning period
- Easier on FITT

A

Modifications

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48
Q

Ex Training Considerations for CKD & CLD:
- The duration of the work interval can be _, whereas the rest interval can be _

A
  • gradually increased
  • decreased
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49
Q

Ex Training Considerations for CKD & CLD:
- Initially, a total exercise time of 15 min can be used, and this can be increased within tolerance to achieve up to _

A

20-60 min of continuous activity

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50
Q

Ex Training Considerations for CKD & CLD:
- As little as _ of continuous activity or whatever amount the individual can tolerate

A

10-15 min

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51
Q

Ex Training Considerations for CKD & CLD:
- The duration of PA should be increased by _ increments weekly until the individual can complete _ of continuous activity before increasing the intensity

A
  • 3-5 min
  • 30 min
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52
Q

Ex Rx for individuals with CKD:
- Ex training leads to _ reductions and improvements in aerobic capacity, Hr variability, muscular function, and quality of life

A

BP

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53
Q

Ex Rx for individuals with CKD:
- The ideal FITT principle has _ developed

A

not been fully

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54
Q

Ex Rx for individuals with CKD:
- Aim for PA of an aerobic nature _ for at least 30 min

A

5 days/week

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55
Q

Ex Rx for individuals with CKD:
- Initially using _ intensities and gradually progressing over time based on individual tolerance

A

light-to-moderate

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56
Q

Ex Rx for individuals with CKD:
- Medically cleared recipients of kidney transplants can initiate exercise training _ the transplant operation

A

soon after

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57
Q

FITT recommendations for individuals with CKD:
Aerobic
- Frequency

A

3-5 days/week

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58
Q

FITT recommendations for individuals with CKD:
Aerobic
- Intensity

A

Moderate intensity ( 40-<60% VO2R, RPE 11-13)

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59
Q

FITT recommendations for individuals with CKD:
Aerobic
- Time

A

20-60 min of continuous activity; however, if this amount cannot be tolerated, 3-5 min bouts of intermittent exercise aiming to accumulate 20-60 min

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60
Q

FITT recommendations for individuals with CKD:
Aerobic
- Type

A

Walking, cycling & swimming

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61
Q

FITT recommendations for individuals with CKD:
Resistance
- Frequency

A

2-3 days/week

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62
Q

FITT recommendations for individuals with CKD:
Resistance
- Intensity

A

Moderate intensity (70-75% 1 RM)

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63
Q

FITT recommendations for individuals with CKD:
Resistance
- Time

A

A minimum of 1 set of 10-15 repetitions
- Chose 8-10 different exercises to work the major muscle groups

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64
Q

FITT recommendations for individuals with CKD:
Resistance
- Type

A

use either machine weights or free weights for resistance exercise

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65
Q

FITT recommendations for individuals with CKD:
Flexibility
- should be performed following the guidelines for _

A

healthy adults

66
Q

FITT recommendations for individuals with CKD:
Aerobic
- Intensities
– Start with _
– Try _ only if well-tolerated

A
  • light (30-40% VO2R: 10-15 mins of continuous activity)
  • Moderate
67
Q

Immune systemis made up of a network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to _

A

protect body

68
Q

_ protect body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders

A

White blood cells

69
Q

White blood cells:
recognize & remember invaders

A

B cell (military intelligence system)

70
Q

White blood cells:
destroy invaders

A

T cell (soldiers)

71
Q

_ detect and recognize the antigens, then produce _, which are specialized proteins that lock onto specific antigens
- Once produced, these antibodies stay in our body, immune system encounters that antigen again, antibodies are already there to do their job
– So if someone gets sick with a certain disease, like chickenpox, that person usually won’t get sick from it again.

A
  • B cells
  • antibodies
72
Q

Although antibodies can recognize an antigen and lock onto it, they are not capable of destroying it without help
- That’s the job of the _, who destroys antigens

A

T cells

73
Q

_ happen when a part of the immune system is missing or not working properly

A

Immuno-deficiency disorders

74
Q

Some people are born with an immunodeficiency, although symptoms of the disorder might not appear until later in life
- Immuno-deficiencies also can be _ through infection or produced by drugs, etc., such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

A

acquired

75
Q
  • immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s healthy organs and tissues
  • Cause is generally unknown
A

Auto-immune disorders

76
Q

_ attacks the immune system, specifically the T cells

A

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)

77
Q

_ happens when the immune system is destroyed by HIV, AIDS is the final stage of HIV infection

A

AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)

78
Q

Once have HIV, have it for _

A

life

79
Q

_ cure for HIV/AIDS, but medical care can slow the progression

A

“No effective”

80
Q

_ people worldwide are currently living with HIV/AIDS

A

36.7 million

81
Q

_ children worldwide are living with HIV
- Most of these children were infected by their HIV-positive mothers during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding

A

1.8 million

82
Q

1 in 8 people living with HIV are _ of their infection

A

unaware

83
Q

More than _ people in the US are living with HIV infection

A

1.2 million

84
Q

HIV can be transmitted by _

A
  • Sexual contact
  • Sharing needles to inject drugs
  • Mother to baby during pregnancy, birth, or breastfeeding
85
Q

HIV progression & stage characteristics:
- within a few (2-4) weeks of HIV infection, flu-like symptoms

A

Seroconversion (stage 1)

86
Q

In immunology, _ is the time period during which a specific antibody develops and becomes detectable in the blood

A

seroconversion

87
Q

HIV progression & stage characteristics:
- can be invisible and last for > 10 years

A

Asymptomatic (stage 2)

88
Q

HIV progression & stage characteristics:
- viral load starts to go up and the T cell count begins to go down, multi-symptom disease begins

A

Symptomatic (stage 3)

89
Q

HIV progression & stage characteristics:
- Immune system damaged badly
- T cell count drops below 200 cells/mm3
- Opportunistic illnesses appear: severe weight loss, fever, fatigue, recurrent infection of multiple organ systems, especially the respiratory, digestive, and nervous systems, and skin.

A

AIDS (stage 4)

90
Q

Without treatment, people with AIDS typically survive about _

A

3 years

91
Q

HIV/AIDS Effects of Ex Training:
- Ex training is _ for HIV/AIDS individuals who are medically stable

A

safe

92
Q

HIV/AIDS Effects of Ex Training:
- _ aerobic, resistance, combination are safe and elicit favorable and beneficial changes in the HIV-infected population.

A

L-M-V

93
Q

HIV/AIDS Effects of Ex Training:
- _ Ex increases T4 cell counts

A

LM aerobic

94
Q

HIV/AIDS Ex Programming:
For asymptomatic follow _

A

healthy individual guideline

95
Q

HIV/AIDS Ex Programming:
For asymptomatic: follow healthy individual guideline
- Aerobic Ex should begin with _

A

low volume

96
Q

HIV/AIDS Ex Programming:
For symptomatic to AIDS use _

A

chronic disease guideline

97
Q

HIV/AIDS Ex Programming:
HIV-infected individual should obtain _ before any Ex programs

A

medical consultation

98
Q

FITT for HIV/AIDS Individuals:
Aerobic
- Frequency

A

3-5 days/week

99
Q

FITT for HIV/AIDS Individuals:
Aerobic
- Intensity

A

begin at light intensity (30-39% VO2r or HRr)
- Gradually progress to moderate intensity (40-59% Vo2r or HRr)

100
Q

FITT for HIV/AIDS Individuals:
Aerobic
- Time

A

Begin with 10 mins and progress to 30-60 min/day

101
Q

FITT for HIV/AIDS Individuals:
Aerobic
- Type
– Contact and high risk (Ex: skateboarding, rock climbing) sports are _ because of risk of bleeding

A

not recommended

102
Q

FITT for HIV/AIDS Individuals:
Aerobic
- Type

A

Modality will vary with the health status and interests of the individual
- presence of osteopenia will require weight-bearing physical activities

103
Q

FITT for HIV/AIDS Individuals:
Resistance
- Frequency

A

2-3 days/week

104
Q

FITT for HIV/AIDS Individuals:
Resistance
- Intensity

A

Begin at a light intensity with goal of gradual progression to 60% of 1 RM

105
Q

FITT for HIV/AIDS Individuals:
Resistance
- Time

A

1-2 sets with gradual progression to 3 sets of 8-10 repetitions

106
Q

FITT for HIV/AIDS Individuals:
Resistance
- Type

A

Machine weights are safe and effective without supervision
- Free weights can be used for experienced lifters and/or under supervision

107
Q

FITT for HIV/AIDS Individuals:
Flexibility
- Frequency

A

> /= 2-3 days/week

108
Q

FITT for HIV/AIDS Individuals:
Flexibility
- Intensity

A

Stretch to the point of tightness or slight discomfort

109
Q

FITT for HIV/AIDS Individuals:
Flexibility
- Time

A

Hold static stretch for 10-30seconds;
2-4 repetitions of each exercise

110
Q

FITT for HIV/AIDS Individuals:
Flexibility
- Type

A

Static, dynamic and/or PNF stretching

111
Q

FITT for HIV/AIDS Individuals:
Progression

A

Aerobic and resistance exercise programs for this population should be initiated at a low volume and intensity

112
Q

Ex Rx HIV/AIDS Individuals:
The varied presentation of individuals with HIV requires a _ approach

A

flexible

113
Q

Fibromyalgia in the US:
- The prevalence is about 2-4%
- _ 18 or older

A

≥ 5 million Americans

114
Q

Fibromyalgia in the US:
- Most patients are _ (F:M ratio 7:1)

A

women

115
Q

Fibromyalgia Pathophysiology:
- Cause not very clear; _ rather than psychological

A

Biological

116
Q

Fibromyalgia Pathophysiology:
- Influential factors _

A
  • Family history
  • Infection could be a trigger
  • Trauma
117
Q

Fibromyalgia Pathophysiology:
- Amplifies _ by affecting the way brain processes pain signals

A

painful sensations

118
Q

Fibromyalgia Pathophysiology:
- No _, medications can help

A

cure

119
Q

Widespread muscle pain and tenderness

A

Fibromyalgia

120
Q

Fibromyalgia:
- 18 points (9 pairs) are _ when pressed, and may spread pain to other body parts

A

painful

121
Q
A
122
Q

Fibromyalgia:
- People withFMhave pain _with a certain amount of pressure

A

(≥ 3 mo) in at least 11 of 18tender points

123
Q

Fibromyalgia diagnosis 3 criteria

A
  1. at least 3 months with pain
  2. 11 out of 18 tender points
  3. Pain when tender points are pressed
124
Q

Fibromyalgia:
Very common
- More than _ US cases per year

A

3 million

125
Q

Fibromyalgia:
- Often accompanied by _

A

fatigue and altered sleep, memory, and mood

126
Q

Fibromyalgia:
Fatigue affects 78-94% of individuals with fibromyalgia and is often linked to _
- _ is the key symptom

A
  • poor sleep
  • Pain
127
Q

Fibromyalgia:
Approx 30% of individuals with FM have a diagnosis of _

A

depression

128
Q

Fibromyalgia:
Widespread muscle pain and tenderness are the _

A

most common symptoms

129
Q

Fibromyalgia:
Medications, talk therapy, and stress reduction may help _

A

control symptoms

130
Q

Fibromyalgia:
Ages affected

A

19-40, 41-60 & 60+

131
Q

Effects of Ex Training - Fibromyalgia:
- Ex training is _ for FM individuals

A

safe and beneficial

132
Q

Effects of Ex Training - Fibromyalgia:
- Reduces _ and number of _

A
  • pain
  • tender points
133
Q

Effects of Ex Training - Fibromyalgia:
- Improves _ and less _

A
  • sleep
  • fatigue
134
Q

Effects of Ex Training - Fibromyalgia:
- Builds _

A

positive motivation

135
Q

Effects of Ex Training - Fibromyalgia:
- _ better

A

function

136
Q

Ex Testing - Fibromyalgia

A
  • Self-guided method & CVD risk factor classification
  • Senior fitness test; FITNESSGRAM; 6-min walk
137
Q

Ex Testing - Fibromyalgia:
- For individuals with depression, provide _

A

high level motivation, constant verbal encouragement and possibly rewards

138
Q

Ex Testing - Fibromyalgia:
- Watch intensity; determine & monitor _

A

pain & fatigue

139
Q

Ex Testing - Fibromyalgia:
- The _ is most often used to assess physical function, overall impact of fibromyalgia, and fibromyalgia related symptoms

A

Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire

140
Q

Fibromyalgia - Tips on pain management

A
  • Start out slow
  • Self-message, hot or cold
  • Personalize your program
  • Aerobic exercises
141
Q

Fibromyalgia - Tips for a better night’s sleep

A
  • Establish & maintain a regular bedtime & wake up time everyday
  • Find the amount of sleep you need to feel consistently refreshed
  • Create a comfortable, quiet, clean, and dark environment for sleeping. Your bed and bedroom temperature should be comfortable
  • establish a regular pattern of relaxing behavior for 10-60 minutes before bedtime
  • Use the bed & bedroom for sleeping and sex only
  • Exercise on a regular basis (but not too close to bedtime)
142
Q

Ex Programming - Fibromyalgia:
- For people with FM, follow the _, and advance as tolerated to the _

A
  • chronic disease guideline
  • healthy individual guideline
143
Q

Ex Programming - Fibromyalgia:
- _ time

A

Recovery

144
Q

Ex Programming - Fibromyalgia:
- At the beginning, PA level should be _

A

doable or do without undue pain (< 7 on the scale)

145
Q

FITT for Fibromyalgia:
Aerobic
- Frequency

A

Begin 2-3 days/week and progress to 3-4 days/week

146
Q

FITT for Fibromyalgia:
Aerobic
- Intensity

A

Begin at </= 30% VO2r or HRr and progress to <60% VO2r or HRr

147
Q

FITT for Fibromyalgia:
Aerobic
- Time

A

Begin with 10 min increments and accumulate to a total of at least 30 min/day and progress to 60 min/day

148
Q

FITT for Fibromyalgia:
Aerobic
- Type

A

Low impact/non-weight bearing exercise (Ex: water exercise, cycling, walking, swimming) initially to minimize pain that may be caused by exercise

149
Q

FITT for Fibromyalgia:
Resistance
- Frequency

A

2-3 days/week

150
Q

FITT for Fibromyalgia:
Resistance
- Improved performance of _

A

functional activities

151
Q

FITT for Fibromyalgia:
Resistance
- Intensity

A

50-80% 1RM
- If individual cannot complete at least 3 reps easily & without pain at 50% 1RM, it is advised the starting intensity be reduced to a level where no pain is experienced

152
Q

FITT for Fibromyalgia:
Resistance
- Time

A
  • Muscular strength: perform 3-5 eps per muscle group, increasing to 2-3 sets
  • Muscular endurance: perform 10-20 reps per muscle group, increasing 2-3 sets
  • Typically, the strength ex are completed first followed by a 15-20 min rest period before completing endurance ex
153
Q

FITT for Fibromyalgia:
Resistance
- Type

A

Elastic bands, cuff/ankle weights, and weight machines

154
Q

FITT for Fibromyalgia:
Flexibility
- Frequency

A

1-3 times/week, progress to 5 times/week

155
Q

FITT for Fibromyalgia:
Flexibility
- Intensity

A

Active & gentle ROM stretches for all muscle tendon groups in the pain-free range
- Stretch should be held to the point of tightness or slight discomfort

156
Q

FITT for Fibromyalgia:
Flexibility
- Time

A

Initially hold the stretch for 10-30 sec, progress to holding each stretch for up to 60 sec

157
Q

FITT for Fibromyalgia:
Flexibility
- Type

A

Elastic bands and unloaded (non-weight bearing) stretching

158
Q

FITT for Fibromyalgia:
Functional Activity Recommendation
- Functional activities (Ex: walking, stair climbing, rising from a chair, dancing) are daily activities that can be performed without using specialized equipment
- For individuals with symptoms such as pain and fatigue, functional activities are recommended to _

A

allow for maintenance of light-to-moderate intensity, physical activity even when symptomatic

159
Q

FITT for Fibromyalgia:
Progression
- Will depend entirely on _

A

their symptoms and recovery from or reduction in symptoms on any particular day

160
Q

FITT for Fibromyalgia:
Progression
- They should be educated on how to _

A

reduce or avoid certain exercises when their symptoms are exacerbated

161
Q

FITT for Fibromyalgia:
Progression
- Should be advised to attempt _ during flare-ups but listen to their bodies regarding their symptoms in order to minimize the chance of injury

A

low levels of exercise

Ex Rx for Individuals with Chronic Disease (9 decks)

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