QUiz 7

Question 1

ruminant metabolism

Answer 1

1. gas layer
2. solid- mat
3. liquid layer

Question 2

rumen is…..

Answer 2

warm, moist, anaerobic, acidic, active, microbes

Question 3

bactria in the Rumen

Answer 3

1. clostridium
2. ruminoccoccus
3. Bacteroides
4. lachnospiraceas
5. butyrivibrio

Question 4

Archea in the Rumen

Answer 4

1. methobacter
2. methgnospgera
   - these are the methane causing bactria

Question 5

NPN

Answer 5

non-protein nitrogen

Question 6

protein pathway

Answer 6

feed-> protein-> microbial activity->peptides->microbial protein->bypass protein

endogenous->NPN->microbial actvity->NPN->NH4-> amino acids

Question 7

two proteins lead to the abosmasum

Answer 7

1. bypass proteins
2. microbial proteins

Question 8

lipid pathway

Answer 8

lipids-> non-fermentable energy-> long chain fatty acids-> protected fat

Question 9

lipid pathway contin.

Answer 9

TAG-> FA-> hydrated fatty acids / intact TAG lipids

Question 10

carb pathway

Answer 10

fibrous-> structural-> pectin/hemicellulose/cellulose-> fermentable energy-> acetate, butyrate, propionate

Question 11

carb pathway contin.

Answer 11

propionate-> succinyl CoA-> oxalacetate

Question 12

fate of Acetate

Answer 12

• Acetyl CoA
• energy
• fatty acid synthesis

Question 13

fate of Propionate

Answer 13

• Succinyl CoA
• glucose
• energy- oxaloacetate

Question 14

fate of Butyrate

Answer 14

• beta- hydroxybutyrate
• energy

Question 15

roughages

Answer 15

• low in energy
• used by ruminants and non-ruminants herbiovres
• pasture, hay silage, crop residues, by product

Question 16

protein in forages

Answer 16

amino acids, nitrates, ammoina

Question 17

vitamins in forages

Answer 17

B vitamins content is generally high in forages

Question 18

minerals in forages

Answer 18

composition depends on - plant species
- soil mineral content

Question 19

legumes contain….

Answer 19

high Ca and Mg content in legumes

Question 20

cool season grasses

Answer 20

• timothy
• orchardgrass
• tall fescue
• ryegrass

Question 21

warm season grasses

Answer 21

bermudagrass

Question 22

legumes as forages

Answer 22

characterized by rhizobia bacteria associated with the root of the plant
- helps nitrogen to be absorb by the plant
- superior to grasses in protein, energy, Ca,Mg

Question 23

legumes

Answer 23

• alfalfa
  -red clover
• white clover
• alsike clover
• sweet clover

Question 24

grazing system

Answer 24

• grazing allows animals to harvest forages

Question 25

extensive grazing system

Answer 25

rangelands

Question 26

intensive grazing system

Answer 26

• high density of animals per unit land
• pastures fenced, managed

Question 27

hay and hay making

Answer 27

dehydrating green forage to moisture of 15% or less

Question 28

silage

Answer 28

• created by anaerobic fermentation of carbs.
• DM level of 25-35%