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BIOCHEM > QUIZ LIPIDS > Flashcards

QUIZ LIPIDS Flashcards

1
Q

fatty acid derivatives of glycerol

A

lipids

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2
Q

glycerol + fatty acid

A

lipid

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3
Q

characteristics of lipids 4

A

insoluble in water
soluble in nonpolar organic solvents
composed of many heterogeneous compounds and has no building block

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4
Q

function of lipids 5

A

As:

Structural components of membranes
-Storage and transport forms metabolic level
Protective coating on the surface of many organisms
Regulatory substances
Enzymes-co-factors

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5
Q

2 Major groups of Lipids

A

simple lipids

complex lipids

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6
Q

They don’t contain fatty acids

A

simple lipids

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7
Q

they contain fatty acids

A

complex lipids

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8
Q

Classification of lipids

A

1) According to composition

2) Accdg to backbone

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9
Q

1) According to composition:

A 
~Fatty acids
~Lipids w/ glycerol
   -Phospholipids
   -cardiolipins
   -plasmalogens
~Lipids w/o glycerol
   -sphingolipids
   -waxes
   -terpenes
   -steroids
~Combined lipids
   -lipoproteins
   -proteolipids
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10
Q

2) Accdg to backbone

A 
~Saponifiable lipids
   -triglycerides
   -phospholipids
   -sphingolipids
   -waxes
~non-saponifiable lipids
   -terpenes
   -steroids
   -prostaglandins
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11
Q

A long chain of carboxylic acid

A

Fatty acid

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12
Q

Characteristics of F.A 4

A

in cells & tissues — they occur in large amount
in complex lipids — traces only

the longer the chains, the higher the melting & boiling point.

most abundant & even # of C w/ chains from 14-22 C atoms.

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13
Q

Classification of F.A

A

Essential FA

Non Essential FA

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14
Q

Unsaturated FA containing more than one double bond that the body cannot synthesize

A

Essential FA

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15
Q

FA w/c the body can synthesize

A

Non-essential FA

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16
Q

Physical properties of SATURATED FATTY ACIDS 3

A
  • Single bond between carbon to carbon
  • unreactive
  • waxy solids at room temperature
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17
Q

EXAMPLES OF Saturated FA

A

Acetic Acid - C2:0 - CH3COOH - VINEGAR
Butyric acid - C4:0 - C3H7COOH - BUTTER
Caproic - C6:0 - C5H11COOH - BUTTER

ETC ETC ETC

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18
Q

Physical Properties of Unsaturated FA 4

A
  • one or more double bonds between C-C
  • liquids at room temp
  • very unstable and reactive
  • as double bonds increase, reactivity increases
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19
Q

Fatty acid in liquid form

A

OIL

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20
Q

FA in soild form

A

fat

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21
Q

General formula of Phospholipids

A

glycerol + FA + phosphate

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22
Q

sn-glycerol-3-phosphate
1- & 2- position
Found in small amounts in most natural systems
important intermed. in biosynthesis of the more common phospholipids

A

Phosphatidic acid

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23
Q

Lecithin is structurally known as 6

A

PHOSPATIDYL”CHOLINE” -nitrogen grp attached

  • an excellent emulsifying agent
  • plays a role in fat metabolism
  • transports fats
  • source of inorganic phosphates for tissue form.
  • impt in blood clotting
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24
Q

Cephalin: 3

A

PHOSPHATIDYLETHANOLAMINE

  • found in blood platelets and impt in blood clotting
  • source of inorganic phosphates for tissue form.
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25
Q

N grp attached is Serine

A

Phosphatidylserine - found in brain tissuesand in small amt in blood

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26
Q

N grp attached is inositol

A

PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL

-first discov. in acid fast bact.

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27
Q

LIPIDS WITH GLYCEROL: Cardiolipins 4

A

DIPHOSPHATIDYLGLYCEROL

  • constit. of mitochondrial memb.
  • w/ known immunological prop.
  • used in sero. treatment in SYPHILIS
28
Q

LIPIDS WITH GLY: Plasmalogens

A

ETHERGLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS

-abundant in the memb or muscle and nerve cells

Ex:
PHOSPHATIDAL: choline, serine, ethanolamine

29
Q

Lip w/o Gly: Sphingolipids
CERAMIDE
SPHINGOMYELIN
GLYCOLIPIDS

A

parent compund - sphingosine

  • found in nerve cells and brain tissues
30
Q

CERAMIDE 2

A
  • sphingosine + FA + H

- insoluble in water & located in membranes

31
Q

Sphingomyelin 4

A
  • sphingosine + FA + phosphocholine
  • most abundant lipid in animals
  • loc. nerve tissues & lipids of the blood
  • forms part of the myelin sheath
32
Q

Glycolipids (2 kinds)

A 
Cerebroside = sphingosine + FA + glucose or gal.
Ganglioside = " + hexose residues
33
Q

If glucose is in the carb. the lipid is called, ___

if galactose, ____

A

glucocerebroside

galactocerebroside

34
Q

Glycolipids (define) 2

A
  • concerned in blood, tissues and organ specificity

- found in high conc in the brain and nerv.sys.

35
Q

3 Cerebrosides

A

Galactocerebroside
Gluco”
Ganglioside

36
Q

Galactocerebroside 2

A
  • brain and nerv.sys

- comprises all the cerebroside in the adult brain

37
Q

Glucocerebroside 2

A
  • non-neural tissue

- present only in small amt usually in pathological cond. and immature brains

38
Q

Ganglioside 2

A
  • in nerve endings

- fxn in the transmission of nerve impulse across the synapse

39
Q

Non-saponifiable lipids (enumerate) 6

A 
Waxes
Terpenes
Steroids
Cholesterol
Chloroform
Vitamin D
40
Q

Waxes 2

A
  • water-insoluble solid esters of higher fatty acids
  • protective coating of skin, furs, feathers of animals
  • found in some leaves and fruits
41
Q

Terpenes 2

A
  • polymers of isoprene units joined head to tail

- polymerization of isoprene may produce rubber, steroids, and carotenoids

42
Q

Impt terpenes

A

Squalene

Fat soluble vit.

43
Q

Squalene 3

A

composed of 6 isoprene units
major precursor of cholesterol
connection bet terpenes and steroids

44
Q

Fat soluble vitamins 5

A 
B-carotene - tomatoes
Vit B12
vit D - ricketts
vit E - shin
vit A - eyes
45
Q

Steroids 3

A

origin. fr. squalene
have a common nucleus
CYCLOPENTANOPERHYDROPHENANTHRENE (CPPP)

46
Q

Cholesterol 6

A
  • melts @ 150%
  • insoluble in water
  • can be extracted from tissues using benzene, ether, chloroform, or hot alcohol
  • occurs in plasmamembrane and lipoproteins of the blood
  • precursor of other steroids (bile acids, sex hormones, vit D)
  • synthesized mainly at the liver
  • most abundant in the body
47
Q

most common steroid & solid

A

Cholesterol

48
Q

Cholesterol & Lipoproteins

5 classes

A
  • Chylomicrons
  • VLDL
  • IDL
  • LDL
  • HDL
49
Q

Cholesterol & heart diseases

___escorts most of the cholesterol to the liver for disposal (good cholesterol)

A

HDL

50
Q

Cholesterol & heart diseases

___is carried to peripheral tissues and is eventually used for membrane synthesis

A

LDL

51
Q

If membrane sysnthesis is prevented, it results in_____

A

hypercholesterolemia

52
Q

LDL-cholesterol that is not metabolized is deposited in other tissues and arteries as plaque where it hardens the arteries. This results in____

A

atherosclerosis

53
Q

HDL/LDL ratio

A

4:1

54
Q

Bile acids 3

A
  • maj com. of bile
  • aid in the ADSORPTION and DIGESTION OF LIPIDS in the SMALL INTESTINES
  • stimulates INTESTINAL MOBILITY
55
Q

Testosterone (male sex hormones) 2

A
  • synthesized in the testis

- found in urine as andosterone

56
Q

artificially synthesized derivatives of male sex hormones are called

A

anabolic steroids

57
Q

Resp for the devt of secondary female sex charac.

A

Estrogens

58
Q

3 types of estrogen

A

Estradiol, estrone, estriol

59
Q

Progesterone is found in urine as

A

pregnanediol

60
Q

secreted by CORPUS LUTEUM during mens.

A

Progesterone

61
Q

2nd most impt in maintaining pregnancy

A

progesterone

62
Q

Progesterone prepares the _____ for the _____ of the ___

A

lining of the uterus for the implantation of the ovum

63
Q

Parent compund in prostaglandins

A

Prostanoic acid

64
Q

Prostaglandins 4

A

resembles hormones in bio. act.
present in all cells and tissues
most potent among bio. agent
produces fever and pain

65
Q

Pain relievers inhibit the synthesis of _____

A

prostaglandins

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