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Phase I > R&C Chapter 1 - Cell > Flashcards

R&C Chapter 1 - Cell Flashcards

1
Q

Name desmosome proteins.

A

Desmoglein
Desmocollin
E-cadherin
Integrins

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2
Q

Name microtubule proteins.

A

Kinesins

Dyneins

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3
Q

Name tight junction proteins.

A

Occludin
Zonulin
Claudin
Catenin

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4
Q

What are hydrolases tagged with to be directed to lysosomes?

A

Mannose-6-phosphate

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5
Q

Which tags do proteasomes recognizes?

A

E1, E2, E3 ubiquitins

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6
Q

What cells produce epidermal growth factor (EGF)?

A

Activated macrophages
Salivary glands
Keratinocytes

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7
Q

What is the function of epidermal growth factor (EGF)?

A

Keratinocyte & fibroblast proliferation
Stimulate keratinocyte migration
Stimulate granulation tissue formation

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8
Q

What are the receptors for epidermal growth factor (EGF)?

A

EGFR1/ERB-B1

ERB-B2/HER2

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9
Q

What cells produce transforming growth factor-a (TGF-a)?

A

Activated macrophages

Keratinocytes

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10
Q

What is the function of transforming growth factor-a (TGF-a)?

A

Hepatocyte and epithelial cell proliferation

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11
Q

What are the receptors for transforming growth factor-a (TGF-a)?

A

EGFR1/ERB-B1

ERB-B2/HER2

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12
Q

What cells produce hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)?

A

Fibroblasts
Hepatic stromal cells
Endothelial cells

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13
Q

What is the function of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)?

A

Hepatocyte and epithelial cell proliferation
Enhanced hepatocyte survival
Cell migration
Tissue differentiation

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14
Q

What are the receptors for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)?

A

MET

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15
Q

What cells produce platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)?

A 
Platelets
Macrophages
Endothelial cells
Smooth muscle cells
Keratinocytes
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16
Q

What is the function of platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)?

A

Fibroblast, endothelial cells & smooth muscle proliferation
Matrix synthesis
Chemotaxis: neutrophils, macrophages, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells

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17
Q

What are the receptors for platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)?

A

PDGFRa&b

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18
Q

What cells produce vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)?

A

Mesenchymal cells

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19
Q

What induces vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)?

A

Hypoxia (HIF-1)

Inflammation (PDGF, TGF-a)

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20
Q

What are the receptors for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)?

A

VEGFR 1, 2, 3

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21
Q

What cells produce fibroblast growth factor (FGF)?

A

Macrophages
Mast cells
Endothelial cells
HIF-1a

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22
Q

What is the function of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)?

A

Stimulate angiogenesis
Stimulate ECM protein synthesis
Fibroblast proliferation and chemotaxis
Hematopoeisis

23
Q

What are the receptors for fibroblast growth factor (FGF)?

A

FGFR1-4

24
Q

What is the function of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)?

A

Endothelial proliferation

Increased vascular permeability

25
Q

VEGF-A is most associated with what conditions?

A

Injury

Tumors

26
Q

VEGF-B is most expressed at what point?

A

Embryonal development

27
Q

What cells produce keratinocyte growth factor (KGF)/Fibroblasts growth factor 7 (FGF7)?

A

Fibroblasts

28
Q

What is keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) also known as?

A

Fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF 7)

29
Q

What is the function of keratinocyte growth factor (KGF)?

A

Keratinocyte migration, proliferation and differentiation

30
Q

What are the receptors for keratinocyte growth factor (KGF)?

A

FGFR1-4

31
Q

What cells produce transforming growth factor-b (TGF-b)

A 
Platelets
T lymphocytes
Macrophages
Endothelial cells
Keratinocytes
Smooth muscle cells
Fibroblasts
32
Q

What are the functions of transforming growth factor-b (TGF-b)?

A

Leukocyte and fibroblast chemotaxis
ECM protein synthesis stimulation
Decreased collagen degradation
Anti-acute inflammation

33
Q

What are the receptors for transforming growth factor-b (TGF-b)?

A

TGF-BR1&2

34
Q

What are the fibrillar collagen types?

A

1, 2, 3, 5

35
Q

Where are the fibrillar collagens found?

A 
Bone
Tendon
Cartilage
Blood vessels
Skin
Granulation tissue
Fibrosis
36
Q

What cofactor is fibrillar collagen formation dependent on?

A

Vitamin C

37
Q

What are the non-fibrillar collagen types?

A

4, 7, 9

38
Q

What type of collagen are basement membranes made of?

A

4 (non-fibrillar)

39
Q

What collagens regulate collagen fibril diameters and collagen-collagen interactions?

A

9 (non-fibrillar)/FACIT

40
Q

Where is type 9 collagen found?

A

Cartilage (FACITS)

41
Q

What type of collagen anchors the basement membrane to the squamous epithelium?

A

7 (non-fibrillar)

42
Q

What is Marfan’s a defect in?

A

Elastins

43
Q

What are osteogenesis imperfecta and Ehlers-Danlos defects in?

A

Collagens

44
Q

What does fibronectin bind?

A

ECM components (collagen, fibrin, heparin, proteoglycans, integrins, etc.)

45
Q

What is the function of laminin?

A

Connect cells to ECM (component of basement membrane)

46
Q

Which factor is chemotactic for neutrophils?

A

TGF-B

PDGF

47
Q

Which receptor does low molecular weight hyaluronan bind to?

A

CD44

48
Q

Laminins bind what integrins of endothelial cells?

A

a2B1

49
Q

Fibronectin and vitronectin bind what integrins?

A

a5B3

50
Q

What ECM process does vitamin C participate in?

A

Activates lysyl hydroxylase, leading to hydrolyxation of collagen fibrils

51
Q

Cyanide (CN-) precludes ATP generation by inhibiting the function of which mitochondrial enzyme?

A

Cytochrome C oxidase

52
Q

What are examples of secondary messengers?

A

Calcium
cAMP
cGMP
NO

53
Q

What protein is the major component of hemidesmosome junctions?

A

Desmotenetrin

54
Q

What molecule prevents differentiation of stem cells?

A

NANOG

Phase I (10 decks)

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