Radio activity

Question 1

What was JJ Thompson’s theory about an atom?

Answer 1

JJ Thompson created the plumper model, and believe that it was an atom that has a positive sphere with negative electron inside

Question 2

how was JJ Thompson proven to be wrong?

Answer 2

He was later improve to be wrong, because the nuclear model was introduced through the gold sheet for your experiment

Question 3

what was the golden sheet foil experiment

Answer 3

alpha particles were being sent at a golden foil
Some went through, but someone with deflected back
The golden for you had positive alpha particles, which was the reason why some atoms were deflected back

Question 4

what are energy levels?

Answer 4

Electrons can sit on different energy levels or shells
Each energy level is different from the nucleus
Every electron in a different shell has different energy levels

Question 5

how can the inner electrons go to a higher level?

Answer 5

The electrons can go to a higher level if it’s absorbed by electromagnetic radiation with the right amount of energy

Question 6

what happens if an electron absorbs the radiation

Answer 6

cause electrons to become ‘excited’ move further from the nucleus, to a higher energy level
The electoral letter admit the same amount of radiation it has absorbed

Question 7

What happened to the frequency as your father away from the nucleus?

Answer 7

The frequency of the energy decreases as your further away from the nucleus

Question 8

what causes the production of high frequency gamma?

Answer 8

Changes within the nucleus

Question 9

What happens if an outer electron absorbs too much radiation

Answer 9

if an electron absorbs too much radiation, it can move higher up until it leaves the orbits of of the atom
The electron becomes a free electron, and the atom is ionised

Question 10

What happens to the atom when the electron leaves its orbit?

Answer 10

The item is now a positive ion because there are more protons than electrons
A cation

Question 11

what are isotopes?

Answer 11

Isotopes are the same elements for different amount of neutrons

Question 12

what is radiation decay?

Answer 12

An unstable nucleus can become more stable over time by randomly (spontaneously) emitting ionising radiation.
This can include alpha beta and gamma

Question 13

what is Alpha radiation?

Answer 13

They are helium nuclear
Alpha particles, two protons, and two electrons in the nucleus like a helium nucleus
They don’t penetrate very far into materials and are stopped easily
Because of the size, they are easily ionising

Question 14

What are the two different different beta particles?

Answer 14

Beta plus beta minus

Question 15

what is a beta minus particle?

Answer 15

Beta minus particles are electrons which are released from the nucleus A beta particle is an electron ejected from a nucleus when a neutron becomes a proton

Question 16

what is a beta plus particle

Answer 16

a proton will turn into a neutron and emit a fast-moving positron. This positron can be called a beta plus (β+) particle - this process is known as positron emission

Question 17

what happens when the beta plus particle and an electron hit each other

Answer 17

When the beta plus hits an electron to destroy each other and produce gamma, this is called annihilation, which is used for medical imaging

Question 18

what are gamma rays?

Answer 18

They are usually released from the nucleus, that undergo changes
They are very weekly ionising because they tend to go through objects and rarely collide with atoms

Question 19

what are gamma rays properties

Answer 19

They can penetrate into materials without being stopped, and can’t go for long distances
Eventually, they will hit something and do damage

Question 20

what can stop gammarays?

Answer 20

thick Sheets of lead and concrete

Question 21

what can’t beta particles penetrate?

Answer 21

Aluminium

Question 22

What do we use in nuclear equations for?

Answer 22

nuclear equations are way to show radiation decay by using element symbols
They are written in the form
Items before decay —> atoms after decay plus radiation emitted

Question 23

what is background radiation?

Answer 23

Background radiation is a low-level radiation that is around us all the time

Question 24

Where can background radiation come from?

Answer 24

reactivity of natural occurring unstable, ice types, which are around us in the air, some food, building, materials and rocks beneath our feet
Radiation from space which is known as cosmic rays. These mostly come from the Sun, the earths atmosphere protect us from it.
Human activities such as nuclear, explosions and waste

Question 25

what is exposure to radiation called?

Answer 25

Exposure to radiation is called irradiation

Question 26

define contamination in the context of radioactivity

Answer 26

If unwanted radioactive atoms get onto an object, it is contaminated
These contaminated atoms might indicate releasing radiation which could harm you

Question 27

Why is contamination dangerous?

Answer 27

contamination is dangerous because the radioactive particles could go into your body which is a risk
The contamination may not always be removed, but can save someone if removed or particles decay

Question 28

what can a higher dose of radiation do to someone?

Answer 28

Lower doses of radiation can cause minor damages, but could, trigger an uncontrollable mutation of cells.

Question 29

What can higher doses of radiation do?

Answer 29

hi, Adel is tentacle sales causing radiation sickness, leading to vomiting and head loss
That’s why medical staff went encountering patients with exposure to radiation. Make sure they are showed it to reduce exposure.

Question 30

why are beta and gamma radiation one of the most dangerous?

Answer 30

Because they can penetrate the skin and all ionising

Question 31

what are the two ways we can detect radiation

Answer 31

We can detect radiation using photographic film. As the photographic film absorbs radiation, it becomes darker.
Film badges monitor radiation. You will often see people who work with or near radiation wearing film badges.

Question 32

why can alpha particals travel long distances?

Answer 32

because they are ionising