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Radiologic Positioning > Radiologic Positioning - Chest - Test Review > Flashcards

Radiologic Positioning - Chest - Test Review Flashcards

1
Q

Where would fluid be in lateral decubitus chest position?

A

Left decubitus - left lung
Right decubitus - right lung

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2
Q

What device is used for pediatric chest X-ray?

A

Pigg-O-Statt

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3
Q

Sthenic

A

Average physique
50% of population

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4
Q

Hypersthenic

A

Wider physique
5% of population

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5
Q

Hyposthenic

A

Skinny physique
35% of population

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6
Q

Asthenic

A

Tall and skinny physique
10% of population

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7
Q

Why is chest X-ray SID 72” vs. 40”?

A

Reduces distortion (magnification)
Higher image resolution

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8
Q

Why is grid important in PA chest X-ray?

A

Absorbs scatter
Better image

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9
Q

What is demonstrated on lateral chest X-ray?

A

Lungs
Sternum
Thorax
Posterior ribs
Heart

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10
Q

Situs inversus

A

Heart is on right side of body
Use of marker indicates this to radiologist

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11
Q

Hemothorax

A

Blood accumulation in pleural space

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12
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Air accumulation in pleural space
Creates pressure against lung - possible lung collapse

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13
Q

Emphysema

A

Lungs lose elasticity
Lungs become radiolucent, require less mAs
Lung dimensions become longer

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14
Q

Geriatric patient

A

Shallow lung field
CR needs to be higher

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15
Q

Kyphosis

A

Hump-back curvature

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16
Q

Lateral chest position - increased OID causes costophrenic angle off the IR - what should you do?

A

Lower the CR by 1 inch

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17
Q

PA chest - rib cage and pelvis alignment

A

Need to be aligned right on top of each other
If not - patient is leaning to one side

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18
Q

RAO

A

Patient’s right anterior is up against IR
Side of interest is left lung

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19
Q

LAO

A

Patient’s left anterior is up against IR
Side of interest is right lung

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20
Q

What pathologies seen on expiration chest X-ray?

A

Pneumothorax
COPD

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21
Q

Why do we roll shoulders forward in PA chest X-ray?

A

Get scapulae out of the way

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22
Q

PA chest X-ray- midsagittal plane is parallel or perpendicular to IR?

A

Perpendicular

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23
Q

PA chest X-ray - midcoronal plane is parallel or perpendicular to IR?

A

Parallel

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24
Q

Lateral chest X-ray - midsagittal plane is parallel or perpendicular to IR?

A

Parallel

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25
Q

Lateral chest X-ray - midcoronal plane is parallel or perpendicular to IR?

A

Perpendicular

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26
Q

What happens to diaphragm when taking deep inspiration?

A

Moves downward

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27
Q

Range of kVp for chest X-ray

A

110-125 kVp

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28
Q

Lateral chest X-ray - how should weight be distributed on patient’s standing feet?

A

Equal weight on both feet

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29
Q

CR location in relation to IR

A

Smack in the middle of IR

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30
Q

What jewelry needs to be removed for chest X-ray?

A

Necklaces
Nipple rings

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31
Q

Hilum

A

Central root area where bronchi, blood & lymph vessels, nerves enter/leave the lung

32
Q

Base of lung

A

Concave portion that rests on diaphragm

33
Q

Apex of lung

A

Rounded upper area above clavicles

34
Q

CR for PA chest X-ray

A

T7
7-8 inches below the vertebra prominens - C7

35
Q

CR for AP chest X-ray

A

At T7
3-4 inches below jugular notch

36
Q

CR for lateral chest X-ray

A

1 inch below from PA T7 location
Why? Bc increase in OID causes divergent X-ray to cutoff costophrenic angles

37
Q

Technique effect with pneumothorax patient

A

Air in lung cavity - easier to penetrate
Decrease technique

38
Q

Technique effect with hemothorax patient

A

Blood in pleural space - harder to penetrate
Increase technique

39
Q

Pleura

A

Double wall sac surrounding lungs

40
Q

Parietal pleura

A

Outer layer of pleura
Covers inner surface of chest wall

41
Q

Visceral pleura

A

Inner layer of pleura
Covers surface of lungs

42
Q

Pleural cavity

A

aka Pleural space
Space inside pleura
Between parietal & visceral pleura

43
Q

Pleurisy

A

Inflammation of pleura

44
Q

AP Lordotic position

A

Clavicles are above the lung apices
Horizontal CR to midsternum

45
Q

What does decubitus position measure?

A

Fluid & air levels in lungs

46
Q

Erect vs. decubitus - which is more ideal for viewing fluid levels?

A

Erect bc allows diaphragm to move farther down

47
Q

Can you see fluid levels in supine position?

A

No

48
Q

Alveoli

A

Air sacs at end of terminal bronchioles
Where O2 & CO2 exchange occurs

49
Q

Trachea location

A

Between C6 and T4/T5

50
Q

What makes a decubitus position?

A

CR is horizontal

51
Q

3 divisions of chest anatomy

A

Mediastinum (space between lungs)
Respiratory system (lungs & airways)
Bony thorax

Acronym: MR. B

52
Q

Pleural effusion

A

Excess fluid in pleural cavity

53
Q

Atelectasis

A

Collapse of the lung
Caused by obstruction, pleural effusion or pneumothorax

54
Q

Superior

A

Towards top of body

55
Q

Inferior

A

Towards bottom of body

56
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to the source or center of body

57
Q

Distal

A

Away from the source or center of body

58
Q

Mediastinum - 4 structures

A

Trachea
Esophagus
Thymus gland
Heart and great vessels

59
Q

Dyspnea

A

Shortness of breath

60
Q

Dorsal decubitus position

A

Recumbent supine position
Horizontal CR projection

61
Q

Ventral decubitus position

A

Recumbent prone position
Horizontal CR projection

62
Q

What is demonstrated on PA chest X-ray?

A

Lungs
Trachea from T1 down
Bony thorax
Hilum
Heart
Great blood vessels

63
Q

Lordotic position - how do ribs appear?

A

Ribs distorted - straight outward like wings
No curve

64
Q

Lordotic position - how do clavicles appear?

A

Clavicles high and above lung apices

65
Q

Good lateral chest X-ray criteria

A

Entire lungs
No rotation
Superimposition of posterior ribs
Chin & arms elevated
Equal collimation on upper/lower margins
Full inspiration
No motion
Exposure factors

66
Q

Good PA chest X-ray criteria

A

Entire lungs
No rotation - equidistant clavicles from midline
No superimposition of ribs
Equal collimation on upper/lower margins
Scapulae out of way
Chin up
Minimized breast shadows
Full inspiration
No motion
Exposure factors

67
Q

Carina

A

T5
Bifurcation point of trachea - separates into right & left bronchi

68
Q

RPO

A

Patient’s right posterior is up against IR
Side of interest is left lung

69
Q

LPO

A

Patient’s left posterior is up against IR
Side of interest is right lung

70
Q

What is demonstrated on lateral decubitus X-ray?

A

Lungs
Both lateral borders of ribs

71
Q

RAO vs. LPO
Differences/Similarities

A

Both show same view
RAO - PA projection
LPO - AP projection

72
Q

LAO vs. RPO
Differences/Similarities

A

Both show same view
LAO - PA projection
RPO - AP projection

73
Q

Pulmonary embolism

A

Sudden blockage of artery

74
Q

What position would be used to rule out calcification or masses under the clavicles?

A

AP Lordotic

75
Q

Pneumonia

A

Accumulation of fluid in certain lung sections
Often appears in single or several lobes
Area would be whiter (or brighter)

76
Q

Locations of:
Larynx
Laryngeal prominence
Trachea
Vertebra prominence
Jugular notch
Carina
Midthorax/Midsternum
Xiphoid tip/process

A

Larynx C3 - C6
Laryngeal prominence C5
Trachea C6 - T4/T5
Vertebra prominence C7
Jugular notch T2/T3
Carina T4/T5
Midthorax/Midsternum T7
Xiphoid tip/process. T9/T10

Note the path: Larynx-Trachea-Carina
C3-C6 - C6-T4/T5 - T4/T5

Radiologic Positioning (7 decks)

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