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BM213 > Random > Flashcards

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1
Q

Thermoreceptor

A

Activated by extreme temperature (A delta fibres)

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2
Q

Mechanoreceptor

A

Activated by intense pressure on skin (A Delta fibres)

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3
Q

Polymodal

A

Activated by high intensity mechanical chemical & thermal (both hot&cold) stimuli

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4
Q

2 types of nociceptor fibre

A

A delta = Fast, sharp pain myelinated
C fibres = Slow, dull aching pain unmyelinated

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5
Q

Dorsal column system

A

Fine touch, pressure, Proprioception (Body position)

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6
Q

Spinothalamic system

A

Pain, temperature and coarse touch

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7
Q

Receptors in the skin that are sensitive to various types of touch

A

Merkels disk, messengers corpuscle, ruffinls ending

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8
Q

Sensitive to pressure, vibration

A

Pacinian corpuscle

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9
Q

Sensitive to pain and temperature

A

Free nerve ending

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10
Q

C fibres can be what receptors

A

Chemical, Temperature, pressure

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11
Q

A delta fibres can be what receptors

A

Temperature and pressure

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12
Q

What receptor can be A beta fibre

A

Touch

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13
Q

Proprioceptors are what type of fibre

A

A Alpha

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14
Q

What does exercise training do to skeletal muscle

A

Increases size of muscle fibres
Increases ATP production

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15
Q

What does low-intensity aerobic exercise do to skeletal muscle

A

Increased mitochondria
Increased capillaries

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16
Q

What does endurance training do to skeletal muscles

A

Fast glycolytic fibres become fast-oxidative fibres (IIb-IIa)

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17
Q

First 3 steps of an action potential in neurons

A

Na channel opens - increases membrane potential

K channel opens - more Na goes in than potassium goes out so membrane potential still increases

Na channel becomes refractory allowing no more na in cells

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18
Q

Last 3 steps of action potential in Neurons after sodium channels close

A

K continues to leave the cell and causes membrane potential to return to resting potential

K channels close and Na channels rest - MP goes slightly below resting level

Extra K outside diffuses away, bringing membrane potential back to the resting potential level

19
Q

CLASS 1A Sodium channel blockers
Double quarter pounder

A

Disopyramide, Quinidine, procainamide

20
Q

CLASS 1B sodium channel blockers
Lettuce, tomato, pickles, mayo

A

Lidocaine, Tocainide, Phenytoin, Mexiletine

21
Q

Class 1C sodium channel blockers
Fries Please

A

Flecainide, Propafenone

22
Q

1ST Order neruon

A

Receptor - Brainstem - Spinal cord

23
Q

2nd order neuron

A

Spinal cord- Thalamus

24
Q

3rd order neuron

A

Thalamus - cortex

25
Q

Forebrain
Outer&Inner

A

Outer =Cerebrum, striatum, hippocampus
Inner = Thalamus, hypothalamus

26
Q

Midbrain

A

Rostral basal ganglia including substantial nigra

27
Q

Hindbrain

A

Cerebellum, medulla, pons, reticular formation

28
Q

Outer forebrain is concerned with

A

Cognition, sensory & motor functions.
Surface area increases by ridges and grooves

29
Q

Basal ganglia consists of

A

Striatum and globes pallidus- links to thalamus
Deals with coordinated body movements

30
Q

Hippocampus

A

Part of limbic system - deals with emotion, pleasure, hostility, anger and instincts. Also involved in memory

31
Q

Thalamus

A

Relay centre. Receives sensory input from cerebrum
Relays cerebrum motor output

32
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Regulates autonomic, endocrine systems.
Essential for hunger, thirst, osmotic balance, body temperature and metabolic rate

33
Q

Substantia Nigra

A

Part of basal ganglia and deals with coordinated body movements

34
Q

Brain stem consists of

A

Midbrain, pons and medullar oblongata

35
Q

Brain stem Reticular formation

A

Within brain stem
Modulates level of wakefulness/sleep

36
Q

Cerebellum

A

Fine, coordinated body movements
2nd largest structure in the brain

37
Q

Cerebrum

A

Initiates coordinated movements and regulates temperature

38
Q

Viagra MOA

A

Helps with ER by inhibiting the enzyme that breaks down cGMP

39
Q

Nevirapine NNRT inhibitor

A

Used to treat HIV and AIDS as NNRT inhibitor of HIV-1

40
Q

Penicillin

A

Kills bacteria by the beta lactam ring binding to DD-transpeptidase and inhibiting cross linking activity and preventing a new cell wall being formed

41
Q

Penicillin causes cell wall to

A

Become vulnerable to outside water and molecular pressure causing cell to die quickly

42
Q

What diuretic inhibits Na/k/2cl co transporter

A

Loop diuretics

43
Q

What diuretic inhbit Na channel in the distal Tuble

A

Potassium sparing

44
Q

What diuretic inhibit sodium chloride transporter

A

Thiazides

BM213 (6 decks)

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