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Pharmacology > Random 3 > Flashcards

Random 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Drug used to relieve obstructive symptoms of BPH:

  • name
  • class
  • MoA
  • side effects
A

Tamsulosin , Alfuzosin

Class: alpha1 antagonist (L1-antagonist)

MoA: it will induce smooth muscle relaxation in the prostate and the bladder -> better urinary flow

SEs__: dizziness, postural hypertension, dry mouth, depression

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2
Q

Drug used to relieve symptoms of BPH- shrink prostate size

  • name
  • class
  • MoA
  • side effects
A

Finasteride

Class: 5-alpha reductase inhibitor

MoA: inhibit conversion of testosterone -> DHT (this is responsible for increased size of prostate

Side effects: gynecomastia, reduced libido, erectile problems

*effects seen after 6 months

* may decrease PSA up to 50%

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3
Q
A
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4
Q

Which ones are live-attenuated vaccines?

A
  • BCG
  • MMR
  • oral Polio
  • oral rotavirus
  • yellow fever
  • oral typhoid
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5
Q

Antibiotics used for the treatment of pneumonia

  • the most common
  • IV in hospital
  • atypical pneumonia
A
  • doxycycline
  • amoxicillin 500 mg x3 a day
  • Tazocin (Piperacillin/tazobactam) -> used in IV hospital admission
  • Clarithromycin/ erythromycin - atypical pneumonia (but also against gram +ive and gram -ve)
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6
Q

What CURB score would indicate the need for IV antibiotic?

A

3 or more

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7
Q

What’s the maximum dosage of Paracetamol?

A

Max dose of Paracetamol over 24 hours:

  • 8 x 500 mg

OR

  • 4 x 1 g
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8
Q

Is there a difference in effect between Clarithromycin given orally or IV?

A

Same effect if clarithromycin 500 mg bd oral or IV -> so oral route will be preferred

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9
Q

Is there a difference between effect of the same dose of anti-epileptic when given IV or orally?

A

No difference, therefore give same dose IV as you would give orally (and vice versa)

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10
Q

How long is the standard treatment for lower UTI for?

A

3 days

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11
Q

Most common antibiotics used for UTI

A
  • trimethoprim
  • nitrofurantoin -> makes urine darker in colour/ be careful if impaired kidney funtion
  • ciprofloxacin -> may cause cholestasis
  • amoxicillin -> safe in renal function
  • cephalaxin
  • pivmecillinam
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12
Q

Why do we need to be careful about eGFR of the patient in prescribing any drug? (two general considerations)

A
  • for the treatment to be effective
  • if the function is impaired -> potential drug toxicity/overdose due to problems with elimination/metabolism
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13
Q
  • What’s the method to estimate eGFR and renal function?
  • Write down the formula
  • when do we need to worry
A

Cockcroft Gault equation

*worry if eGFR is <50 ml/min

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14
Q

Two most common bacteria that cause cellulitis

A

Staphylococcus

Streptococcus

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15
Q

How does Pseudomonas caused cellulitis differ in appearance from Strep/Staph one?

A

The wound oozes and smells

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16
Q

Antibiotics commonly used for cellulitis

A
  • Flucloxacillin
  • Erythromycin

*IV Flucloxacillin for severe infection

17
Q

What antibiotics may cause jaundice?

A

Drug-induced jaundice with:

  • Flucloxacillin

- Co-amoxiclav

These may cause cholestasis jaundice (post-hepatic due to stasis)

*it is reversible - will clear out

18
Q

Organisms commonly causing fungal infections (2)

A
  • Aspergillus

- Candida albicans *patients on chemo

19
Q

Common anti-fungal drugs (2)

*name of anti- fungal prescribed for severe infections

A
  • Fluconazole
  • Nystatin (oral drops: 1 ml drop x4 a day)

* Amphotericin (IV for severe infections)

20
Q
  • Name 2 common drugs that are given once weekly
  • OSCE tip - in terms of prescription chart
A
  • Alendronic acid (for osteoporosis)
  • Methotrexate (for RA)

These drugs to be taken once a week

Cross all other days in the prescription chart out!

21
Q

Mode of action of:

  • Nystatin
  • Fluconazole
A
  • Nystatin: cell wall synthesis (ergosterol breakdown -> less plasma membrane)
  • Fluconazole - cell wall synthesis (14 alpha-demethylase enzyme)
22
Q

what does it mean: modified release drug?

A

Drug is released over period of time -> prolonged time of absorption

23
Q

Why while taking anti-fungals monitoring is required?

A

They are p450 enzyme inhibitors -> therefore less liver metbolism -> increased concentration of other drugs

24
Q

Can we give anti-fungal to a patient that is on methotrexate?

A

Better not as both of these drugs cause liver damage

*if a patient is on methotrexate and fluconazole is needed -> stop methotrexate temporarily

25
Q

Side effects of amiodarone

A

Amiodarone - class III anti-arrhythmic

  • pulmonary fibrosis
  • thyroid disturbances
  • slate-grey appearance of the skin
  • further arrhythmias
26
Q
A
27
Q

What two antibiotics may cause drug-induced jaundice?

A
  • Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, also known as co-amoxiclav
  • Flucloxacillin

Pharmacology (11 decks)

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