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Respiratory Extra Info > Random Book Info > Flashcards

Random Book Info Flashcards

1
Q

the triad of ascites, pleural effusion and benign ovarian tumor

A

Meigs syndrome

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2
Q

what can increased lung diffusion capacity indicate?

A

polycythemia

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3
Q

what can low lung diffusion capacity indicate?

A

emphysema

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4
Q

rare lung disease that results in a proliferation of disorderly smooth muscle growth throughout the lungs, in the bronchioles, alveolar septa, perivascular spaces, and lymphatics, resulting in the obstruction of small airways. Usually in females of child bearing age.

A

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (interstitial lung dz)

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5
Q

Most common granulmoatous disease. Affects lymph nodes, will have low grade fever, joint pain, night sweats, erythema nodosum. ON chest x-ray wil lhave hilar adenopathy, infiltrates and fibrosis.

A

Sarcoidosis

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6
Q

opportunistic fungi that occurred mainly in malnourished premature infants and AIDS patients.
Present with Nonproductive cough, fever, dyspnea, wt loss.

A

Pneumocystis pneumonia

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7
Q

What us used to reduce nighttime cough symptoms with COPD?

A

Ipratropium

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8
Q

What is the DOC when cough interferes w/ eating or sleeping?

A

Codeine

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9
Q

What is the most effective OTC nonnarcotic antitussive?

A

Dextromethorphan

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10
Q

Sudden onset of pleuritic pain in conjunction with hemoptysis

A

Pulmonary infarction

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11
Q

Hemoptysis in patients w/ normal or nonlocalizing chest x-ray and nondiagnostic findings on fiberoptic bronchoscopy
oost cases resolve w/I 6 months with no cases of cancer, active TV or serious pathology emergering

A

Cryptogenic Hemoptysis

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12
Q

Fluid is bloody, malignant cells, high in hyaluronic acid and due to asbestos exposure after (20-40 years after)

A

Mesotheliomas

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13
Q

patient will present with dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain. Fluid from effusion will be clear or straw colored, blood, low glucose, white count (2,500), most cells lymphocytes.

A

Bronchogenic carcinoma

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14
Q

delayed hypersensitivity rxn to spillage of organisms into the pleural space during early bacteremia. Usually unilateral. Will have no cough of sputum. Will have an isolated effusion on chest x-ray.

A

Postprimary TB

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15
Q

If a pleural effusion is more right sided what should you think?

A

trasudative due to CHF

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16
Q

If a pleural effusion is more left sided what should you think?

A

Pericarditis or pancreatitis

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17
Q

what test helps diagnose unilateral diaphragm paralysis?

A

Fluoroscopy

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18
Q

Imaging useful for interstitial lung diseases and bronchiectasis

A

High resolution CT

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19
Q

Imaging that Better for vascular structures

Useful for aortic dissection, pulmonary emboli

A

MRI

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20
Q

Imaging that’s useful for Retrieval of foreign bodies, suctioning of secretions, re-expansion of atelectatic lung, assistance w/difficult endotracheal intubations

A

Bronchoscopy

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21
Q

ILD with lymphocyte transformation test.

A

Beryllium

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22
Q

ILD with antracotic pigment

A

COal worker’s pneumoconiosis

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23
Q

ILD with inflmmation, bi-refingent crystals, alveolar proteinosis.

A

Silica-induced

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24
Q

Variable PE findings, normal to end-stage honeycombing on x-ray. marcophages on histological findings

A

idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis;

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25
Q

patchy fibrosis, fibroblasts

A

usual interstitial lung disease (UIP)

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26
Q

will be uniform, have fibroblasts and no fibrosis

A

acute interstitial pneumonia

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27
Q

ILD with histological findings that are Patchy or diffuse, prominent interstitial inflammation, fibrosis

A

nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSPI)

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28
Q

Will have vasculitis, inflammation on histology. Will have pleural effusions, diffuse infiltrates, occasional cavities.

A

Collagen vascular ILD

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29
Q

Will have fever, crackles, pleural fub. Pulmonary edema. Anti-RNP antibodies, eosinophilic infiltration.

A

Drug-induced ILD

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30
Q

Will have fever, malaise, erythema nodosum, iritis, uveitis, arthritis. Hilar adenopathy, Lymphocytic bronchoalveolar lavage T4>T8 subsets.

A

Sarcodosis

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31
Q

Will have crackles and fever. Will have endothelial and alveolar lining damage with acute.

A

radidation exposure

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32
Q

WIll have dyspnea, ascities, hemoptysis, spontaenous pneumo, honeycombing, hyperinflation. Diffuse small thin-walled cysts in HRCT. Will also have chylous pleural effusions, chylous ascities. HMB-45 positive immunostaining

A

lymphangioleiomyomatosis

33
Q

WIll have middle and upper lobe predominance, honeycombing. Cysts on nodules on HRCT. normal lung volumes with decreased DLCO. OKT-6 and S100 positive immunostaining. Peribronchilar inflammation. Found often in young male smokers

A

Pulmonary langerhans cells histiocytosis

34
Q

Will have fever, chills, malaise, weight loss. Patchy infiltrates. CT scan will show ground glass opacities. Will have foamy macrophages in alveolar space on histology and intraluminal buds of granulation tissue.

A

COP (cryptogenic organizing pneumonia;)

35
Q

What stage of sarcodosis is Parenchymal disease without lymphadenopathy

A

Stage III

36
Q

What stage of sarcodosis is adenopathy without parenchymal abnormality?

A

Stage I

37
Q

What stage of sacrodosis is normal radiograph?

A

Stage 0

38
Q

What stage of sarcodosis is end stage fibrosis?

A

Stage IV

39
Q

what stage of sarcodosis is adenopathy and parenchymal disease?

A

Stage II

40
Q

when do you use IV steroids in sarcodosis?

A

Upper airway obstruction

41
Q

Connective tissue disorder that has fibrosis, pulmonary arthropathy, aspiration and secondary carcinoma.

A

Systemic sclerosis

42
Q

connective tissue disorder with pelural effusion, necrobiotic nodules, fibrosis, bronchiolitis, pulmonary arthropathy.

A

Rheumatic arthritis

43
Q

Connective tissue disorder with pleural effusion, bronchiolitis, plumonary arthropathy, atelectasis, pulmonary edema, pneumonitis, hemorrhage, diaphragm dysfunction.

A

Lupus

44
Q

Connective tissue disorder with pulmonary athropathy and possibly fibrosis and aspiration.

A

Polymyositis/ dermatomyositis

45
Q

what sill PFTs show with ILD?

A

Restriction and gas exchange abnormalities

46
Q

Connective tissue disorder that will present with fibrosis and bronchiolitis

A

Sjogren syndrome

47
Q

Complication of pneumonia that is a neutrophilic exudative effusion adjacent to a lung with pneumonia. May require drainage.

A

Parapneumonic effusion

48
Q

what is a major risk from aspiration. Need to tx with abx for 6 weeks.

A

Lung abscess

49
Q

what is the most common clinical form of TB?

A

reactivation (postprimary) TB

50
Q

what do amantadine or rimantadine treat?

A

Influenza A

51
Q

what do anamivir and oseltamivir tx?

A

Influenza A and B

52
Q

Drug to treat bronchitis caused by staph aureus

A

nafcillin

53
Q

Begins with fever, cough, severe debility, chest pain. Radiograph = rapid spread in lungs (empyema) Will result in epidemics (military units)

A

Group A streptococci

54
Q

Produces tissue necrosis (hemoptysis, dense lobar consolidation, abscess)
sputum may appear dark red and mucoid “currant jelly”

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

55
Q

Drugs to treat Klebsiella

A

2nd and 3rd gen cephalosporin

56
Q

how do you treat pertussis?

A

erythromycin or 2nd gen macrolide

57
Q

Presents with high fever, nonproductive cough, dyspnea, will have patchy consolidation on x-ray. Hx recent travel. Can also have myocarditis, pericarditis, rhabdomyolysis, renal problems

A

Legionnares Dz

58
Q

Tx for Legionnares Dz

A

Erythromycin or 2nd gen macrolide

59
Q

Most common cause of atypical pneumonia. Will have peribronchial infiltrates on x-ray. Also erythema multiforme, sore throat, malaise

A

Mycoplasma penumonie

60
Q

tx for atypical pneumonias

A

doxycyline or erythromycin

61
Q

what is spread by infected dust from livestock. Hepatitis can occur and you tx with doxycycline.

A

Q fever (coxiella burnetti)

62
Q

What is CURB-65? (indication for admission for pneumonia)

A 
Confusion
Uremia (BUN >20)
RR (>30 / min)
Blood pressure (<60)
Age 65+
63
Q

when might asterixis be seen?

A

Severe carbon dioxide retention

64
Q

what condition do you hear “Dry” midexpiratory crackles are often heard on auscultation with?

A

Diffuse interstitial lung dz

65
Q

Major chest wall deformity capable of impairing pulmonary MSK mechanics

A

Kyphoscoliosis

66
Q

Apneas are more frequently during ____ sleep

A

REM

67
Q

Complaints of morning HA, recurrent awakenings and daytime somnolence that affects daytime activates

A

Obstructive sleep apnea

68
Q

significant obesity associated with chronic hypoventilation and hypoxemia

A

Pickwickian Syndrome

69
Q

How do you dx OSA?

A

overnight polysomnography

70
Q

Tx for OSA

A

weight loss, CPAP, surgery (anatomical problems)

71
Q

Daytime sleepiness and insomnia w/frequent awakenings

Due to apnea or hypopnea → resulting from decreased central respiratory drive

A

Central sleep apnea

72
Q

when will you get central hyperventilation

A

Lower brainstem and upper pons lesions

Usually occurs with other physiologic or chemical abnormalities

73
Q

sustained inspiratory pauses, resulting from damage to mid-pons (most commonly due to basilar infarct)

A

Apneustic breathing

74
Q

haphazardly random pattern of sleep that is characterized by shallow breaths (disruption to respiratory center of medulla)

A

Biot respiration or ataxic breathing

75
Q

regular cycling of crescendo-decrescendo tidal volumes, separated by apneic or hypopneic pauses
Normally have generalized CNS disease or CHF

A

Cheyne-stokes repiration

76
Q

Hoarseness with lung cancer suggests what?

A

Involvement of left recurrent laryngeal nerve (mediastinal or hilar involvement)

77
Q

What is Especially effective in tx of aspirin-induced asthma

A

Leukotriene modifiers

78
Q

Limited to pts with moderate to severe asthma bothered by nocturnal exacerbations and to those with refractory, steroid-dependent disease

A

Theophylline

Respiratory Extra Info (3 decks)

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