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PHARMOCOLOGY - BOARD II > Random Facts > Flashcards

Random Facts Flashcards

1
Q

What are the side effects of Tetracycline?

A 
HEPATOTOXIC
Supra infection
Photosensitivity
GI upset
Discoloration of teeth
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2
Q

What is the side effect of Chloramphenicol?

A

Aplastic Anemia

used to treat ocular infections

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3
Q

What is the side effect of Streptomycin?

A

CN 8 damage

DEAFNESS

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4
Q

What is the side effect of sulfonamides?

A

Folic Acid Deficiency
Nephrotoxic
Photosensitive

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5
Q

What is the side effect of Clindamycin?

A

Pseudomembranous colitis – due to overgrowth of C.Diff

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6
Q

What is the side effect of Erythromycin (Macrolides)?

A

Inhibits the metabolism of seldane and digoxin

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7
Q

What is the broadest spectrum antibiotic?

A

Tetracycline

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8
Q

If a patient is allergic to Pencillin and has ulcerative colitis what is the next best choice for antibiotic therapy for an odontogenic infection?

A

Azithromycin

Erythromycin

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9
Q

50s Ribosome inhibitors

A

Macrolides (azithro, erythro)

Clindamycin

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10
Q

30s Ribosome inhibitors

A

Tetracycline

Amino glycosides

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11
Q

PABA Antimetabolite

A

Sulfonamides

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12
Q

What are the 4 symptoms of penicillin allergy?

A

Dermatitis
Stomatitis
Bronchoconstriction
Cardiovascular Collapse

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13
Q

A patient that is on a long term antibiotic needs an extraction what is your concern?

A

Decreased Coagulation

Decrease in vitamin K production – decreases production of vitamin K coagulation factors.

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14
Q

What antibiotic is used to treat Staph?

A

Dicloxacillin

Penicillinase Resistant

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15
Q

What antibiotic is used to treat pseudomonas?

A

Carbencillin

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16
Q

What is the broadest spectrum penicillin?

A

Ampicillin

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17
Q

What is probenecid? What effect does it have on antibiotics?

A

Increase exertion of uric acid

Decreases the renal secretion of penicillin – alters renal clearance

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18
Q

Macrolides

A

Erythromycin
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin

50s

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19
Q

Tetracyclines

A

Tetracycline
Doxycycline
Minocycline
Demeclocyline

30s

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20
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

Streptomycin

30s

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21
Q

Sulfonamides

A

Sulfamethoxazole
Sulfadiazine

PABA antimetabolite

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22
Q

What interferes with Tetracycline absorption?

A

Antacids

Dairy products

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23
Q

Reversible Acetylcholinesterase inbhitors

A

Physostigmine

Neostigmine

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24
Q

Irreversible Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

A

DFP - Diisopropyl Fluorophosphate

organophosphate

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25
Q

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor effects

A

Increased levels of AcH

Binds to both Muscurinic and Nicotinic Receptors
Prolonged muscle contraction –> Death

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26
Q

Muscurinic AcH Antagonists

A

GASP

Glycopyrrole
Atropine
Scopolamine
Propantheline

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27
Q

Muscurinic AcH Agonist

A

BANP

Bethanechol
AcH
Nicotine
Pilocarpine

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28
Q

What do administer for a patient experiencing Atropine Overdose?

A

Physostigmine (AcHE inhibitor)

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29
Q

Nicotinic Muscular AcH Antagonist

A

Succinylcholine
Tubocurarine

inhibits spasms – laryngospasm

Nerve Gas – inhibits function

30
Q

Nicotinic Neuronal AcH Antagonist

A

Mecamylamine

31
Q

MOA for barbituates

A

Bind to GABA receptors

Increase CHLORIDE conductance

32
Q

MOA for benzodiazepines

A

Inhibitory neurotransmitter
Bind to postsynaptic receptors – increases inhibition

Selective inhibition

33
Q

Phenytoin MOA

A

Sodium Channel Blocker

Inhibits high frequency repetitive firing of action potentials

34
Q

Why is phenytoin used for seizures rather than phenobarbital?

A

Phenytoin does not have the side effect of sedation.

Phenytoin (Dilantin) - does causes gingival hyperplasia

35
Q

What 3 medications contribute to gingival hyperplasia?

A

Phenytoin (dilantin)
Nifedipine (calcium channel blockers)
Cyclosporin (immunosuppressant)

36
Q

Sturge Weber Angiomatosis

A

Port Wine Stain - hemangioma

Convulsive disorder

37
Q

Patients with Sturge Weber Angiomatosis may have what clinical side effect pertaining to gingiva?

A

Gingival Hyperplasia from use of Dilantin (phenytoin) to address possible convulsive disorder

38
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers

A

Nifedipine
Verapamil
Diliatizam

Used to treat hypertension, angina, Arrhythmia (a.fibb,SVT,PT)

39
Q

Calcium Channel Blocker side effect

A

Drug induced gingival hyperplasia

40
Q

Loop diuretics can cause what as a side effect?

A

Hypokalemia

41
Q

What is the ultimate goal or arrhythmia medication?

A

Prolong refractory period

42
Q

If you have a patient that is taking a beta blocker and has severe asthma what do you suspect the beta blocker to be?

A

Selective for Beta 1

Metoprolol

43
Q

What is the action of ACE inhibitors?

A

Inhibits the formation of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II

44
Q

What is the effect of angiotensin II?

A

Increased BP from vasoconstriction

Stimulates Na resorption in proximal tubules

45
Q

Bacteriostatic Antibiotics

A

ECSTATIC

Erythromycin
Clindamycin
Sulfonamides
Tetracycline
Azithromycin
Trimethoprim
Chloramphenicol
46
Q

Bactericidal Antibiotics

A

Very Finely Proficient At Cell Murder

Vancomycin
Fluoroquinolone's
Penicillin
Amino glycosides (depends on concentration)
Cephalosporins
Metronidazole
47
Q

Procaine

A

Ester Anesthetic

Is NOT used for topical - new and more potent materials are available

48
Q

What is the first line drug to treat bradycardia?

A

Atropine

Antimuscurinic activity

49
Q

What can be formed when nitrous oxide reacts with oxygen?

A

Nitric Oxide can form

Potentially slightly toxic

50
Q

What can Nitric Oxide do?

A

Slightly toxic

Causes Vasodilation

51
Q

TB antibiotic

A

Ethambutol

52
Q

Ethambutol

A

Bacteriostatic

Antimycobacterial drug –> use to treat TB

53
Q

What organ is effected when taking expired tetracyclines?

A

KIDNEY

Proximal tubule acidosis – increased loss of products in urine

54
Q

Opiod MOA

A

Inhibit the release of neurotransmitters

Reduce the entry of Ca
Increase the influx of P

55
Q

What receptors do opioids target?

A

Mu

Kappa

56
Q

What ion influences opiod agonist of antagonist affinity to receptor?

A

Na

57
Q

1 tablespoon = _____ ml

1 tablespoon = _____ tsp

A

15

3

58
Q

What can cause methemoglobinemia?

A

Prilocaine

Prolonged use of Amyl Nitrates

59
Q

Propylene Glycol

A

Induces thrombophlebitis

IV-digitalis
IV-phenytoin
IV-diazepam

60
Q

________ (opiod) + MAOI = Life Threatening Side Effects

A

Meperidine

Effects –> too much sweating, fever, nervous system excitability, respiratory depression

61
Q

Serotonin Syndrome

A 
High body temp
Agitation
Increased reflexes
Tremors
Dilated pupils
Diarrhea

Caused by Meperidine + MAOI when taken together

62
Q

Allergic rx to local anesthetics

A

Mainly due to ESTERS

Antigen-Antibody Reaction
** Antigen –> PABA metabolites **

63
Q

What antibiotics are used to treat pseudomonas?

A

Carbenicllin
Ciproflaxin (fluoroquinolone)

Can target Gram -

64
Q

What is the dangerous side effect of ciproflaxin (rluorquinolone)?

A

Tendon rupture

Can worsen myasthenia graves

65
Q

Indomethacin

A

Type of nonselective NSAID

Can cause blood dycrasias
** take caution - can cause increased bleeding time**

Used for chronic arthritis

66
Q

Tylenol 1

A

325 mg acetaminophen

8 mg codeine

67
Q

Tylenol 2

A

300 mg acetaminophen

15 mg codeine

68
Q

Tylenol 3

A

300 mg acetaminophen

30 mg codeine

69
Q

Tylenol 4

A

300 mg acetaminophen

60 mg codeine

70
Q

Pen G vs Pen VK

A

Pen VK can be absorbed orally - Pen G cannot be

Pen G is rapidly excreted through renal tubules.

PHARMOCOLOGY - BOARD II (1 decks)

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