Randomized Flashcards
What is heredity?
Heredity is the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring; either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction.
What are gametes?
Gametes are an organism’s reproductive cells. They are also referred to as sex cells. Female gametes are called ova or egg cells, and male gametes are called sperm.
What is x-linked dominant inheritance?
X-linked dominant inheritance indicates that a gene responsible for a genetic disorder is located on the X chromosome, and only one copy of the allele is sufficient to cause the disorder when inherited from a parent who has the disorder.
What is the particulate hypothesis?
The particulate hypothesis was offered by Gregor Mendel who discovered that traits are inherited in discrete units that we now know as genes. Instead of blending, the offspring inherits a version of a gene, called an allele, from each of the parents. Only one allele is expressed depending on a number of factors.
What is a somatic cell?
A somatic cell is any cell of the body except sperm and egg cells. Somatic cells are diploid, meaning that they contain two sets of chromosomes, one inherited from each parent.
What is linkage map?
A linkage map (also known as a genetic map) is a table for a species or experimental population that shows the position of its known genes or genetic markers relative to each other in terms of recombination frequency, rather than a specific physical distance along each chromosome.
What is mitosis?
Mitosis is a process where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells (cell division).
What is meiosis?
Meiosis is a process where a single cell divides twice to produce four cells containing half the original amount of genetic information. These cells are our sex cells – sperm in males, eggs in females
What is translocation?
Translocation is a type of chromosomal abnormality in which a chromosome breaks and a portion of it reattaches to a different chromosome. Chromosomal translocations can be detected by analyzing karyotypes of the affected cells.
What is aneuploidy?
Aneuploidy is the presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell, for example a human cell having 45 or 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46. It does not include a difference of one or more complete sets of chromosomes.
