Rate and yield + fatique + recoverey

Question 1

ATP PC system :
Rate and yield
Fatigue
Recovery

Answer 1

Rate and Yield
The ATP-PC system produces energy by breaking down the chemical fuel creatine phosphate. Energy is produced at an explosive rate (3.6 mol/min) due to the simple chemical reactions that take place. However, the system has a limited yield (0.7 ATP for every PC molecule) due to the limited amount of phosphate creatine stored in the muscle.

Fatique
Due to the finite capacity of PC within the muscles, PC depletes quite quickly. As PC depletes we rely greater on the aerobic glycolysis system which produces energy at a slower rate, forcing athletes to slow down or a decrease in force production due to the slower rate of ATP resythesnsis.

Recovery- A PASSIVE recovery such as sitting down, still, is required for the fastest recovery of the ATP-PC system. PC stores will restore at their fastest when the athlete is doing nothing such as sitting down (98% in 3 mins)

Question 2

Anaerobic glycolsis system
Rate and yield
Fatigue
Recovery

Answer 2

Rate and Yield
The anaerobic glycolysis system produces energy by partially breaking down glucose anaerobically. Energy is produced at a fast rate (1.6 mol/min). However, the system is limited due to having a small yield (2-3 ATP for every glucose molecule).

Fatigue
glycolysis system and partially breaking down glucose to resynhtise atp from the anaerboic glycolysis system, Hydrogen ions accumulate within the working muscles, which in turn changes the PH levels at the muscle site, and the muscles become more acidic. This change in acidity inhibits glycolytic enzymes which are the catalyst for the breakdown of muscle glycogen. Therefore with glycolytic enzymes inhibited, the breakdown of glucose is less efficient and energy for ATP resynthesis is produced at a slower rate. This decrease performance as it forces athletes muscle contractions to slow down……

Recovery
Due to the accumulation of hydrogen ions, performing an active recovery such as a light jog (link back to stimulus) maintains higher blood flow and therefore oxygen delivery to the muscles, aiding to oxidise metabolic by-products and more efficient removal of hydrogen ions. The active recovery also creates a muscle pump which creates a “squeeze” on surrounding blood vessels,
prevents venous pooling
RETURN THE BODY BACK TO PRE EXERCISE CONDITIONS

Question 3

LIP

Answer 3

Lactate inflection point
LIP occurs when there is a balance between the rate of lactate production and removal. This final point where lactate production is relatively equal to lactate production is referred to as the LIP

Question 4

Aerobic system

Answer 4

Rate and Yield
The aerobic system produces energy by completely breaking down glucose when sufficient oxygen is available. Energy is produced at a slow rate ( glycogen 1 mol/min , Triglycerides <1 mol a min) due to the complex aerobic chemical reactions that take place. However, a large yield (38 ATP per glucose molecule, and 441 ATP for every triglyceride molecule) enabling to sustain sub-maximal activity for extended periods

Fatigue
Fuel depletion (glycogen depletion)
If activities last for extended periods athletes will begin to fatigue due to glycogen stores depleting. The depletion of muscle glycogen stores will reulst in an increased reliance on triglycerides. As triglycerides have a greater oxygen cost, and a more complex to break down. Therfore, energy is produced at a slower rate, and muscle contractions must slow down...

The BEST TYPE OF RECOVERY
the best type of consumption post-exercise is a combination of protein and carbohydrates. 1:4 ratio of protein to Carbohydrates is optimal to support glycogen replenishment.
Protein is essential for boosting insulin release to improve muscle glycogen restoration and provide building blocks for muscle repair. By consuming both protein and carbohydrates in combination for recovery you: Increase muscle repair, speed up the restoration of muscle glycogen - aiding to return the athlete to pre-exercise conditions sooner.

Thermoregulatory Fatigue
The body undergoes the process of thermoregulation in an attempt to regulate body temperature. To do so, the body redistributes a higher percentage of cardiac output to the skin, causing vasodilation of blood vessels around the surface of the skin. The blood near the skin releases sweat (blood plasma) which evaporates when exercising (sweating). As a result, less plasma means blood viscosity increases and makes it harder for the heart to pump blood. Less blood volume results in a decreased stroke volume and therefore less blood goes to muscles unless HR increases. Due to a decreased oxygen supply in the working muscles, there is less oxygen for energy production, and in turn, energy for ATP is resynthesized at a slower rate…..