Reading

Question 1

Palin 2011

Answer 1

Geog is a living breathing subject constantly adapting itself to change = dynamic and relevant

• Scale = varies = helps future generations sustainability
• Very employable = helps young into work

Question 2

Kitchen 2014

Answer 2

Geographers define themselves by methodology, focus of research or viewpoints

Question 3

Gober 2000

Answer 3

Geog is interdisciplinary, therefore works together with common framework (v. applicable to real world)

Question 4

Turner 2010

Answer 4

Factors influencing geog = not immutable or static and constrained by historical inertia, institutions and cultures

Question 5

Geography as a discipline

Answer 5

• Defined primarily by things studied/approaches taken to addressing broad range of topical problems (Baerwald, 2010)
• ‘cartels that organise markets for the production and employment of students by excluding those jobseekers who are not products of the cartel’ (Turner, 2000)

Question 6

Livingstone 1992

Answer 6

Historians of geog often use their own definitions of the subject
- Concerned with areal association of phenomena or the earth, not just man-land relationships = ‘fundamentally the regional or chronological science of the surface of the earth’ (Dickinson, 1969)

Question 7

Marjanen 1995

Answer 7

Growing emphasis on understanding the spatial behaviour of consumers within a retail environment in order to make more intricate planning ideas

Question 8

Elwood et al 2012

Answer 8

Digital divide influences data

- to do with Kenney et al, 2006 urban forest studies (VGI)

Question 9

Esri 2016

Answer 9

GIS enables us to visualise, question, analyse and interpret data to understand patterns, relationships and trends

• Cost-saving = quicker and on large scale
• Easier to communicate and keep records

Question 10

Hays et al 1976

Answer 10

• Changes in earth’s geometry are fundamental cause of quaternary ice ages, but major changes in Pleistone ice sheets unknown (either external to climate system (solar radiation/energy) or internal (growth/decay of ice sheets/CO2 between atmosphere and ocean))
• Reach conclusions by statistical analysis
• Only results for last 0.5mill years
• Affected key frequencies and magnitude of climate change

Question 11

Montello 2001

Answer 11

Scale concerns space and importance in domains of thematic temporal scale.
- Cartographic scale = map
- Analysis scale = units
- Phenomenon scale = size
Geographers analyse phenomena at analysis scale.
Trial and error approaches identify what scale phenomena should be to analyse data.

Question 12

Whatmore 2014

Answer 12

Nature socially concentrated = transferred through labour process and fashioned by the technologies and human values

• Society’s relationship with nature has changed progressively over time (agriculture, industrial, technological) = Smith 1990 ‘first’, ‘second’ and ‘third’ nature
• Our relationship with nature is unavoidably filtered through the categories and conventions of human representation
• Landscapes are ‘ways of seeing’ meaning ‘real’ and ‘imaginary’ are intrinsically woven

Question 13

Canniffe 2015

Answer 13

• Processes of urban transformation = searching beneath the hype to expose the character of ‘new manchester’
• 1960s = recline in manufacturing (1959 = well over 50% employed in manufacturing, 140,000 people enjoy nightlife every weekend
• Regenerating city is hard = many social and economic problems