Reading, symbols, who we are Flashcards
Learning read hard
phonemic identify
sound structure concepts
phon awareness - words have phonemic symbols in letter
Arise from learning syllables onset/rime, learn phon associations in rhyming
Phon awareness
understanding sound structure
predictor of reading ability
corr’d with vocab size and perception/production
letter name knowledge
accounts for some help in reading, but sadly english orthography sucks
use transitional probs and cluster knowledge (ck = k)
morph knowledge (dirt and dirty)
Reading correlates
books in home,
reading ability early on
reading leisurely
Dyslexia
poor literacy despite adequate intelligence
NOT result of orthography in english bc also in simpler writing systems like greek
trouble with phon awareness, how many sounds in word/shared sounds
Symbols in children and how interact with symbolic objects
piaget said no symbolic play before 18mo
objects pretend play
ling
maps/models
before 18mo, play with pictures as if real thing
can’t understand maps as symbolic (road is tiny)
3d model task - dual representation hypothesis
2.5yo could not equate model room with actual room in finding hidden toy
3yo could
using pictures helped/model behind glass so can’t interact helped
dual rep hypo - children have trouble rep model bc its interesting, don’t see it as a symbol. picture less salient/behind glass not as object more symbol
Dual rep hypo and shrink test
shrinking machine with toys hidden in shrunk room, find in unshrunk
DID SO MUCH BETTER IN SHRINKING CONDITION
shrinking room not a symbol, real obj so no dual rep problem!
piaget true here, children can’t think of something two ways same time
same in iconic gestures - cog burden of gesture vs action
Toys and dual rep hypo
made scale error with mini toys
tried to climb in small car
can’t see it as symbol not obj
FAIL inihibitory control
breakdown in ventral what dorsal action pathway
Novel pretend play
2yo imitate play actions, never do symbolic actions, don’t invent new play actions
intentionally symbolic artifacts
institutional artifacts get meaning from society - money
functional artifacts from design - hammer
4-5 yo treat institutional as function
dont understand soceital meaning can change function until older
marshmallow study predictions in life
tempermant lasts throughout life
past predicts present future
wait for marshmallow predicts scholastic and behavioral measures
only sorta, corr’d with many things
don’t need intervention on delay gratify
but rather a supportive social enviro (trusting adults = trust 2nd marshmallow)
past predicts future (smoking and other corrs)
talkative parents help ling ability and IQ
high cog control more successful
psych problems originate in childhood
maternal smoking maybe, test with MZ/DZ twins, genetic and enviro link
Genetic and experience links
genetics - parent link, genes lead to a certain enviro
experience - consequences/cascading, or can change enviro
