Recovery & reorganisation after brain damage

Question 1

Gratiolet (1860) first observed that what mature more rapidly in the left hemisphere?

Answer 1

Sulci & gyri

Question 2

Geschwind & Levitsky found that what is 1cm longer in the left than right temporal lobe?

Answer 2

Planum temporale

Question 3

Sun et al (2006) found that some what are expressed differently in the two hemispheres?

Answer 3

Genes

Question 4

Lesions in the left hemisphere cause…

Answer 4

language deficits.

Question 5

What is lateralisation?

Answer 5

The localisation of function on either the right or left sides of the brain.

Question 6

What three factors can influence the organisation of the brain hemispheres?

Answer 6

Handedness
Sex
Environment

Question 7

Amputees may claim that they can feel their amputated limb being touched by touching what instead?

This is known as…

Answer 7

The face

sensory plasticity.

Question 8

Each hemisphere has the potential to…

Answer 8

take over the other hemispheres roles after damage.

Question 9

What are the 3 main pieces of evidence for plasticity?

Answer 9

Sensory plasticity
Learning
Memory

Question 10

What are the two types of brain recovery?

Answer 10

Functional plasticity

Structural plasticity

Question 11

What is functional plasticity?

Answer 11

Ability of the brain to move functions to another area.

Question 12

What is structural plasticity?

Answer 12

Ability of the brain to change its physical structure.

Question 13

Which type of plasticity is not seen in the adult CNS?

Answer 13

Structural plasticity

Question 14

What are the two main mechanisms of plasticity?

Answer 14

Long term potentiation

Long term depression

Question 15

What is long term potentiation?

Answer 15

A long lasting enhancement of synaptic transmission.

Question 16

What is long term depression?

Answer 16

A long lasting reduction in synaptic transmission.

Question 17

What is the first sign of reorganisation/recovery?

Answer 17

Short-term widespread activation

Question 18

How can paralysed patients activate the brain areas used in performing an action.

Answer 18

By imagining doing the action

Question 19

Long term potentiation is responsible for…

Answer 19

learning & memory.

Question 20

Neuronal reorganisation may be the result of which 3 mechanisms?

Answer 20

Spontaneous recovery
Compensation
Transcallosal dysinhibition

Question 21

Aphasics who recover tend to have less _______ _______ than those who do not.

Answer 21

widespread activation

Question 22

What is transcallosal inhibition?

Answer 22

The immediate result of the brain to cause disinhibition (activate) to the homologue area of the damaged region.