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2MB Ophthalmology COPY > Red Eye > Flashcards

Red Eye Flashcards

1
Q

List the main conditions that cause a red eye

A 
Conjunctivitis
Keratitis
Anterior uveitis
Scleritis
Acute closed-angle glaucoma
Haemorrhage
Orbital cellulitis
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2
Q

What is blepharitis?

A

Inflamed eyelids

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3
Q

List the two main causes of anterior blepharitis

A

Seborrheic scales on lashes

Staphylococcal infection involving lash follicle

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4
Q

List the main cause of posterior blepharitis

A

Meibomian (tarsal) gland dysfunction

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5
Q

How do the appearances of anterior + posterior blepharitis differ?

A

Anterior: red lid margin
Posterior: red in deep part of lid

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6
Q

List signs of seborrheic anterior blepharitis

A

Red lid margin
Scales
Dandruff
Seborrheic dermatitis

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7
Q

List signs of Staphyloccoal anterior blepharitis

A

Red lid margin
Distorted/loss of lashes
Styes, ulcers
Corneal staining

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8
Q

List signs of posterior blepharitis (Meibomian gland dysfunction)

A 
Normal lid margin + skin
Swelling
Dried secretions
Chalazia (Meibomian cyst)
Acne rosacea
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9
Q

Meibomian cysts can induce astigmatism. True/False?

A

True

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10
Q

Outline treatment of blepharitis

A 
Lid hygiene (bathing, warm massage)
Supplementary teardrops
Oral doxycycline for 2-3 months
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11
Q

List clinical features of conjunctivitis

A 
Red, gritty eye
Discharge
Itch
Papillae or follicles
Chemosis (oedema)
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12
Q

What are papillae and which type of conjunctivitis are they seen in?

A

Tiny bubble-wrap-like lumps with central red dot

Bacterial conjunctivitis

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13
Q

What are follicles and which type of conjunctivitis are they seen in?

A

Diffuse redness with grainy rice-like aggregations

Viral/chlamydial conjunctivitis

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14
Q

Vision is usually unaffected in conjunctivitis. True/False?

A

True

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15
Q

Watery discharge is associated with bacterial/viral conjunctivitis and sticky discharge is associated with bacterial/viral discharge

A

Watery discharge is associated with viral conjunctivitis and sticky discharge is associated with bacterial conjunctivitis

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16
Q

Acute bacterial conjunctivitis does not require treatment. True/False?

A

True

Usually self-limiting and resolves within 14 days, but can use antibiotic to speed up recovery

17
Q

Describe the pattern of disease symptoms in bacterial conjunctivitis

A

Symptoms begin in one eye but spread to both

18
Q

What is the 1st line antibiotic treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

Chloramphenicol eye drops

19
Q

What are Acanthamoeba corneal ulcers associated with?

A

Contact lenses

20
Q

List clinical features of corneal ulcers

A 
Severe needle-like pain
Photophobia
Profuse watering
Circumcorneal redness
Hypopyon
21
Q

How does exposure keratitis arise?

A

Dryness of cornea e.g. thyroid, VII palsy

22
Q

Which disease is keratoconjunctivitis sicca associated with?

A

Sjogren’s disease

23
Q

Deficiency in which vitamin can lead to dry eyes?

A

Vitamin A

24
Q

How are corneal ulcers treated?

A

Identify cause with corneal scrape + Gram stain
Antimicrobial if bacterial (ofloxacin)
Antiviral if herpetic (acyclovir)
Anti-inflammatory if autoimmune

25
Q

Anterior uveitis is synonymous with the term iritis. True/False?

A

True

Essentially inflammation of anterior chamber of the eye

26
Q

List clinical features of anterior uveitis

A 
Pain
Vision may be reduced
Photophobia
Circumcorneal red eye
Ciliary injections
Hypopyon
27
Q

Outline management of anterior uveitis

A

Topical steroids
Mydriatics
Antimicrobial if infection

28
Q

Which conditions are associated with episcleritis?

A

Gout

IBD

29
Q

Where does inflammation occur in episcleritis?

A

Between conjunctiva and sclera

30
Q

Scleritis is much more serious than episcleritis - list clinical features

A

Severe eye pain with radiation
Violaceous hue - injection of deep vascular plexus
Tender globe
Assoc. uveitis

31
Q

What is a diagnostic test for scleritis?

A

Phenylephrine drops - constricts blood vessels

32
Q

Outline treatment of episcleritis

A

Usually self-limiting
Lubricants
Topical NSAID
Mild steroid

33
Q

Outline treatment of scleritis

A

Oral NSAID

Oral steroid

34
Q 
Hyperaemia is present in (select all that apply):
Conjunctivitis
Subconjunctival haemorrhage
Keratosis
Uveitis
Glaucoma
Scleritis
A 
Conjunctivitis
Subconjunctival haemorrhage
Keratosis
Uveitis
Glaucoma
Scleritis
35
Q 
Discharge is present in (select all that apply):
Conjunctivitis
Subconjunctival haemorrhage
Keratosis
Uveitis
Glaucoma
Scleritis
A

Conjunctivitis

Uveitis (minimal)

36
Q 
The pupil is affected in (select all that apply):
Conjunctivitis
Subconjunctival haemorrhage
Keratosis
Uveitis
Glaucoma
Scleritis
A

Uveitis (constricted)

Glaucoma (moderate dilation)

37
Q 
Vision is affected in (select all that apply):
Conjunctivitis
Subconjunctival haemorrhage
Keratosis
Uveitis
Glaucoma
Scleritis
A

Keratosis
Uveitis
Glaucoma
Scleritis (maybe)

38
Q 
There is pain in (select all that apply):
Conjunctivitis
Subconjunctival haemorrhage
Keratosis
Uveitis
Glaucoma
Scleritis
A

Keratosis
Uveitis
Glaucoma
Scleritis

39
Q 
The cornea is hazy in (select all that apply):
Conjunctivitis
Subconjunctival haemorrhage
Keratosis
Uveitis
Glaucoma
Scleritis
A

Keratosis
Uveitis (maybe)
Glaucoma
Scleritis

2MB Ophthalmology COPY (10 decks)

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