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Anatomy Weekly Review > Regional-Back > Flashcards

Regional-Back Flashcards

1
Q

Vertebral colln functions

A

Support boddy against gravity

Transfer weight via sacriiliac joints to lower legs

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2
Q

Number of vertebrae

A

C1-L5 : 24 unfused

Sacrrum- 5 fused

Cocyyx 3-5 fused

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3
Q

Cervical spine

A

C1-C7

3 atypical

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4
Q

Thoracic

A

T1-12

Articulate with ribs

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5
Q

Lumbar spine

A

L1-L5

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6
Q

Curvatures of spine

A

2 primary curved in feral development

2 secondary as weight bearing begins

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7
Q

What are the 2 primary curvatures

A

Thoracic and lumbar spine = KIPHOSES

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8
Q

2 secondary curvatures

A

Cervical and lumbar = LORDOSES

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9
Q

Features of typical cervical vertebrae contrasting to Thoracic and lumbar

A

Biffid spinous processes

Smaller vertebral bodies than T/L vertebrae

Transverse foramina for vertebral Arteries and veins

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10
Q

Atypical cervical vertt

A

C1/ Atlas- articulates with the occipital process of skull

C2/Axis- articulates with Atlas at the ATLANTOAXIAL joint

C7/ Vertebrae prominens

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11
Q

What is the Zygoapooheseal joints

A
  • between sup snd inferior articular processes betw/ vertebrae
  • allows for various movement in the spinal collun
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12
Q

Types of movement in the spinal column

A

Flexion/ extension

Lateral flexion

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13
Q

Atlas

A

No body

2 lateral masses that hold the superior articular surfaces

Superior articular surfaces hold the occupital condyles for the ATLANTOOCCIPITAL JOINT

Anterior and posterior arches w/ tubercles

Facet on anterior arch for articulations wit dens ar ATLANTOAXIAL joint

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14
Q

Joints of axis and their movement

Yh/no

A

ATLANTOOCCIPITAL joint- NODDING

ATLANTOAXIAL joint- SHAKING head

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15
Q

Axis

A

Dens/ dentoid process articulates w/ articular surface on posterior surface of anterior arch of atlad for ATLANTOAXIAL joint to shake head

Everything else is the same as typical cervical vertebrae

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16
Q

Thoracic vertebrae

A

Larger than cervical smaller then lumbar d/2 weight baring

Longest spinous processes

Superior and inferior articular surfaces on CORONAL plane

Articulate with the numbered ribs via

1) Superior demi/Costal facet & 2)transverse costal facets
3) Inferior demi facets- ribs below

LEAST ROTATIONAL MOVEMENT

MOST FLEX/EXT betw/ vertebrae

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17
Q

Lumbar vertebrae

A

Largest as they bear the most weight in spinal column

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18
Q

Intervertebral discs

A
  • ANNULUS FIBROSAS : Tough external

- NUCLEUS PULPOSUS: softer internal shock absorbant

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19
Q

What forms the intervertebral foramina

A

Superior and inferior vertebral notches

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20
Q

Sacrum

A

Fusion of 5 vertebrae Transfers the weeights if uoper boder to limbs by SACROILIAC JOINT

4 surfaces

  • lateral
  • superior
  • anterior
  • posterior
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21
Q

Structures at Lateral surface of sacrum

A

Auricilar surface that articulates w/ illiqc bones at sacroilliac joint

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22
Q

Structures at Superior surface of sacrum

A

Sacral canal triangle shaped

-Superior articular surface and facets that articulates w/ L5 at LUMBROSACRAL joint

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23
Q

Structures at Anterior surface of sacrum

A
  • promontory

- anterior sacral foramina

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24
Q

Structures at Posterior surfaces of sacrum

A
  • median sacral crest(spinous process
  • Posterior sacral hiatus: transfer 5th sacrospinous nerve and posteriorndivisioj of dacral nerves
  • Posterior sacral foramins: posterior division of sacral nerve
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25
Q

Why is vertebrae promins atypical

A

No transverse foramina

Long non bigid spinous process

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26
Q

Atlantoccipital joint

A

Head Elevation + head Depression = Nodding

Betw
Skull-Occipital condyle and
Atlas-superior artocular facet

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27
Q

ATLANTOAXIAL joint

A

Betw/ C1&C2

Atlas inferior arti facet and axis sup arti facet

Dens and facet of anterior

Supporting ligaments

  • transverse lig (post)
  • longitudinal band of transverse lig(post)
  • alar lig(lat)
  • apical lig(ant)
28
Q

Zygopophyseal joint

A

Betw/ sup and inferior articular facets of each vertebrae

29
Q

What determines the degree of movement in the vertebral column

A

The angle of the zygopophyseal joint

Cervical: horizontal angle so most flexible - Flex/Ext & Lat flex

Thoracic- vertical in coronal plane- high degree kf rotation

Lumbar: vertical in saggital plane: flex and extension

30
Q

Lumbrosacral/ Sacrovertibral angle

A

Angle betw Superior surface of sacrum and the Horizontal plane when standing

Poor posture widens angle = lordosis causing back pain

31
Q

Where does the spinal cord end

A

L1-2 at the CONUS MEDULLARIS

32
Q

What is the cauda equina

A

Horse tail. Group of nerve roots at the end of the spinal cord

33
Q

Where does the SC Enlarge

A

1) cervical enlargement in neck just before brachial plexus
2) lumbosacral enlargement just before conus medullaris

D/2 increased cell bodies thay connect to the spinal nerves of the brachial plexus and sacral plexus that supply the upper and lower limbs

34
Q

Meninges of spinal chord

A

0)Epidiral space: area Outside Dura but internal to vertebrae.

1) Dura matter externally- Tough
2) Arachnoid matter deep the dura- thin and weblike

3) Subarachnoid space contains CSF- DURA &Arachnoid are pushed together d/2 pressure created by CSF
4) Pia matter is intimately adherent to the spinal chord and forms bilateral projections known as Denticulate ligaments for lateral anchoring to the arachnoid
5) spinal chird

35
Q

Organisation of spinal cord

A
  • white matter is more exrernal more abundant for sending info
  • grey matter is deep in H shape- cell bodies for reflex axon
  • central canal containing csf
36
Q

Subdivisions of grey matter of spinal chord

A

Anterior horn- cell bodies of Motor/efferent. Exit via ventral roots

Dorsal root ganglion contains sensory cell bodies which enter spinal cord via dorsal horn,
—comm w/ interneuons for reflexes in dorsal horn

—comm w/ brain via spinothalamic tract

37
Q

Formation of spinal nerves

A

SC->Ventral rootlets->anterior/Ventral roots contain somatic and visceral motor axons

SC-Posterior rootlets->Dorsal/post roots contain sensory axons-> Dorsal root ganglion

Ventral and Dorsal roots combine to form a mixed spinal nerve containing both sensory and motor neurones

Spinal nerves -> dorsal and ventral rami

Dorsal rami-> innervate the back

Ventral rami-> further divide to innervate everything else

38
Q

How do epidural’s work

A

Anesthesia is inserted into the epidural space and reaches the Spinal nerves in that area

39
Q

What is Csf

A

Clear fluid w/in subarachnoid space

  • lightens brain
  • immunological protection in the skull
40
Q

Lumbar puncture

A

Done ar L3-4 or L4-5

Used to determine the quality of CSF wo harming the brain/ SC

  • sc ends at L1-2 but up to S2
  • Sc is still anchored by pianmatter and to FILUM TERMINALE
  • dural sac extends w/cauda equina extends from L2- coxxyx and is harder to damage than SC
41
Q

Location of LP

A

L3-4 /L4-5

42
Q

Terminal anchor of Sc

A

Filum terminale

43
Q

Where does the spinal chord attach ti the brain

A

Medulla

44
Q

What’s a dermatome

A

Area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve in

45
Q

Where is the back

A

Posterior region of torso from skull base to gluteal muscles

46
Q

3 layers of back muscles

A

Superficial

Intermediate

Deep

47
Q

List the superficial muscles of the back(5)

A

Trapezius-kite shaped

Lattimus dorsi

Rhomboid major minor and levator scap

Levator scap

  • superior to rhomboid minir
  • elevated scapula
48
Q

Attatchtment if trapezius

A

SUP-Base of Skull

MED-Spinous processes of Vertebrae

LAT-Superior aspect & Acromion process of Scapula

ANT- lateral half of Clavicle

49
Q

Functions if Trapezius

A

Descending fibers(Top part) of the muscle that attaches to Clacivle -Elevates the shoulder

Transverse & Ascending (Mid&bottom) parts attaching to sup aspect of the acromion process- Retraction of the shoulder (ROWING)

50
Q

Attachments of lattisimusndorsi

A

MED- Spinal process
INF- Iliac crest
LAT- Humerus-ANT part

51
Q

Funtions of Latti Dorsi

A

Adduction of the arm to the midline

Medial rotation by pulling the anterior part of humerus and twisring the bone inwards

Shoulder extension and hyperextension- behind the body

52
Q

Attatchment of rhomoids

A

MED- spinous processes
LAT- medial border of the Scapula.
-rhomboid minor attatches next to spine of scap

53
Q

Function of rhomboida

A

assist in retraction of scapula which retracts the shoulder for ROWING

Basically assists the mid & lower parts of the LATT D

54
Q

Attatchment if levator scapula

A

SUP - Transverse processes of Cervical vertebrae

MED - Superior angle of angle

55
Q

Function of levator scap

A

Assist in elevation of the scapula (raising the shoulder)

56
Q

Muscles of intermediate layer

A

Serratus posterior superior

Sereatus posterior inferior

57
Q

Attachment of the serratus posterior superior

A

Originates: C7-T3 spinous processes

Inserts: upper borders of ribs 2–5,

58
Q

Attachment of the serratus posterior inferior

A

Originates: T11-L3 spinous professes

Inserts: lower borders of ribs 9–12

59
Q

Deep muscles of the back/ can be seen as imdt

I Love Spaghetti

A

Errector spinae

Laterally- Ileocostalis muscle
O:ileum inferioly
I: ribs(costals) superiorly

Imdt -Longissimus muscle
O:ilium & sacrum
I:ribs

Medial-Spinalis muscle
O:lumbar spinous processes
I:thoracic and cervical spinous processes

60
Q

Functions of the True deep postural muslce “Motifidus”

A

Deep to erector spinae

  • asists erector spinae in extension
  • lateral flexion and rotation of vertebral column to maintin posture
61
Q

What is the MIDVERTEBRAL LINE

A

The posterior median line where spinous processes lie

62
Q

Ladmarks of the back

A

C7- to palpate cervical/ thiracic Vertebrae

Triangle of auscultation

Spine of scapula used to find the inferior angle and medial border of scapula

Erector spinae on either side that attatch to ilium

PSIS-
correlate to L4-5 for Epidural.
Iliac crest is lateral
Buttocks are much more inferior

63
Q

What is the triangle of auscultation

A

Sup & med border- ascending trapezius

Inferiorly latissimus dorsi

Laterally, by the inferior angle of the scapula

Floor: erector spinae

Leaning forward enlarges wondow and improves auscultation sounds

64
Q

Splenius muscle attachment

A

Splenius capitis
Origin:C7-T3
Insertion: Posterior Mastoid process

Splenius cervicis
Origin: T3-T6
Insertion:C1-C3

65
Q

Function of splenius muscles

A

There’s one of each muscle on both sides of the neck

Bilateral contraction: extend the neck

Unilateral contraction: flex/ rotate the neck to the same side

Anatomy Weekly Review (8 decks)

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