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NCLEX > Registered Nurse Labs > Flashcards

Registered Nurse Labs Flashcards

1
Q

Complete Blood Count (CBC)

RBC: ______

WBC: ______(Low WBC called?)

Platelets: ______ (Low Platelet Count called?)

A

RBC: 4.5-5.5

WBC: 4,000-11,000 (Leukopenia = Low WBC)

Platelets: 150,000-400,000 (Thrombocytopenia = Low Platelet Count)

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2
Q

Female
Hgb: ______ g/dL They mature sooner
Hct: ______%

What hemoglobin level is considered anemic in pregnant patients?

Male
Hgb: ______ g/dL They mature later
Hct: _______%

A

Female (They mature sooner)
Hgb: 12-16 g/dL
Hct: 37-47%

Pregnant Anemic: <11

Male (They mature later)
Hgb: 14-18 g/dL
Hct: 42-52%

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3
Q

Coagulation

Warfarin
PT: ______ seconds
INR: ______
INR Therapeutic Range: ______

A

PT: 10-12 seconds
INR: <1
INR Therapeutic Range: 2-3
Less than 2 they are at risk for a blood clot
Greater than 3 they are at risk for bleeding (so you would want to decrease their dose)

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4
Q

Coagulation

Heparin

aPTT: ______ seconds is normal
aPTT Therapeutic Range: ______ seconds (1.5-2.5 times more)

A

aPTT: 30-40 seconds is normal
aPTT Therapeutic Range: 60-80 seconds

Less than 60 seconds we need to increase dose, greater than 80 seconds it is taking too long to clot so we need to decrease the dose of heparin.

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5
Q

Metabolic

Glucose: ______ mg/dL

A

Glucose: 70-100 mg/dL

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6
Q

Metabolic

Magnesium: ______ mg/dL

A

Magnesium: 1.5-2.5 mg/dL

ends in 5

Hypomagnesium =
Ventricular arrhythmias (torsades de pointes): This is the most serious concern (priority).
Neuromuscular excitability: Manifestations of low magnesium, similar to those found in hypocalcemia and include tremors, hyperactive reflexes, positive Trousseau and Chvostek signs, and seizures.

hypomagnesium causes prolonged QT intervals = vtach

Torsades De Pointes is a type of vtach that go quickly change to Vfib

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7
Q

Metabolic

Phosphorus ______ mg/dL

A

Phosphorus 2.5-4.5 mg/dL

ends in 5

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8
Q

Metabolic

Potassium ______ mEq/L

A

Potassium 3.5-5 mEq/L

ends in 5

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9
Q

Metabolic

Sodium ______ mEq/L

A

Sodium 135-145mEq/L

ends in 5

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10
Q

Metabolic

Calcium: ______ mg/L

A

Calcium: 8.5-10.5 mg/L

ends in 5

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11
Q

Metabolic

Chloride: ______ mEq/L

A

Chloride: 95-105 mEq/L

ends in 5

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12
Q

Renal:
BUN: ______
Creatinine ______ mg/dL

A

BUN: 5-20
Creatinine 0.6-1.2 mg/dL

Elevated Creatinine and BUN = risk for kidney injury

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13
Q

Liver:
Total Protein ______ g/dL
Albumin ______ g/dL

A

Total Protein 6.2-8.2 g/dL
Albumin 3.4-5.4 g/dL

Low is common in liver failure

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14
Q

Enzymes found in the liver: Indicates liver disease or some other disease in the body
ALT: ______ u/L
AST: ______ u/L
ALP: ______ u/L

A

ALT: 7-56 u/L
AST: 10-40 u/L
ALP: 40-120 u/L

high amounts = liver injury (drugs/alcohol)

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15
Q

Created with the breakdown of red blood cells, releases a reddish/yellowish/orangish color.

Bilirubin: ______ mg/dL

A

Bilirubin: <1 mg/dL

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16
Q 
Lipid Panel: Tells us the patient’s risk for cardiovascular disease. 
HDL: \_\_\_\_\_\_ mg/dL (H for high) 
LDL: \_\_\_\_\_\_ mg/dL (L for low)
Triglycerides: \_\_\_\_\_\_ mg/dL
Total Cholesterol: \_\_\_\_\_\_ mg/dL
A

HDL: >60 mg/dL (H for high) (<40 for men and <50 for women)
LDL: <100mg/dL (L for low)
Triglycerides: <150 mg/dL
Total Cholesterol: <200mg/dL

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17
Q 
ABGs:  
pH: \_\_\_\_\_\_
pCO2: \_\_\_\_\_\_
HCO3: \_\_\_\_\_\_
PO2: \_\_\_\_\_\_
O2 Saturation: \_\_\_\_\_\_
A 
pH: 7.35-7.45
pCO2: 35-45
HCO3: 22-26
PO2: 80-100%
O2 Saturation: 95-100%
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18
Q

Hemoglobin A1C:
Average Glucose over the months for someone with diabetes:
Non-diabetic: ______%
Diabetic: Target is ______%

A

Non-diabetic: 4-6%

Diabetic: Target is <7%

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19
Q

Drug Levels for Drugs with narrow therapeutic levels

Lithium: ______ mmol/L

A

Lithium: 0.6-1.2 mmol/L

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20
Q

Drug Levels for Drugs with narrow therapeutic levels

Digoxin: ______ ng/mL

A

Digoxin: 0.5-2 ng/mL

2+ = toxicity

Give potassium supplements to prevent toxicity

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21
Q

Drug Levels for Drugs with narrow therapeutic levels

Valproic Acid: ______ mcg/mL

A

Valproic Acid: 50-100 mcg/mL

Anticonvulsant/prevents seizures and for bipolar disorder.

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22
Q

Drug Levels for Drugs with narrow therapeutic levels

Carbamazepine: ______ mcg/mL

A

Carbamazepine: 4-10 mcg/mL

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23
Q

Drug Levels for Drugs with narrow therapeutic levels

Dilantin: ______ mcg/mL

A

Dilantin: 10-20 mcg/mL

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24
Q

Drug Levels for Drugs with narrow therapeutic levels

Theophylline: ______ mcg/dL

A

Theophylline: 10-20 mcg/dL

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25
Q

Drug Levels for Drugs with narrow therapeutic levels

Phenobarbital: ______ mcg/mL

A

Phenobarbital: 15-40 mcg/mL

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26
Q

Hemodynamic Parameters

Cardiac Output (CO)
Normal: \_\_\_\_\_\_ L/min
A

Cardiac Output

4-8L/min

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27
Q

Hemodynamic Parameters

Cardiac Index (CI)
Normal: \_\_\_\_\_\_ L/min/m2
A

Cardiac Index

2.2-4.0 L/min/m2

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28
Q

Hemodynamic Parameters

Central Venous Pressure (CVP)
Normal: ______ mm Hg

A

Central Venous Pressure
2-8 mm Hg

Low = give fluids
High = Diuretics
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29
Q

Hemodynamic Parameters

Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)
Normal: ______ mm Hg

A

Mean Arterial Pressure
70-105 mm Hg

MAP = (SBP+ [2xDBP])/3

30
Q

Hemodynamic Parameters

Pulmonary Artery Wedge Pressure (PAWP)
Normal: ______ mm Hg

A

Pulmonary Artery Wedge Pressure

6-12 mm Hg

31
Q

Hemodynamic Parameters

Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR)
Normal: ______ dynes/sec/cm

A

Systemic Vascular Resistance

800-1200 dynes/sec/cm

32
Q

Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC)

A

2,200-7,700

33
Q

Normal CD4 count in HIV patient?

A

500-1,200

34
Q

Glucose target range for TPN patients

A

140-180

35
Q

Gastric pH

< _____

A

<5

*This is significant because the nurse will check acidity when a patient has an NG tube placed.

36
Q

What is the legal blood alcohol level when driving under the influence?

A

0.08% (80mg.dL)

37
Q

Carbon monoxide normal levels

A

<5% in nonsmokers

<10% in smokers

38
Q

BNP (indicative of heart failure)

A

> 100

39
Q

_____ sulfate is given to clients with preeclampsia to prevent seizures

A

Magnesium

Assess DTR hourly
Hyperrefelxia = indicates impending seizure
Hyporeflexia = mag toxicity

40
Q

Pregnancy:
Magnesium Sulfate Therapeutic Range: treatment for seizures in preeclampsia
______

Antidote?

A

4-7

IV Calcium Gluconate

41
Q

Medication Anitodotes

A

Learn them!

42
Q

Methylergometrine

Used for and when

Contraindicated in patients with high BP

A

is used to prevent and control bleeding from the uterus that can happen after childbirth

43
Q

Hypothyroid medication?

A

Levothyroxine

44
Q

Orthopnea

Dyspnea

tachypnea

A

difficulty breathing while lying

Labored breathing

rapid breathing

45
Q

Ondansetron (Zofran) given for?

A

N/V

46
Q

Children with hemophilia A should have what medication administered?

Children with hemophilia B lack factor __?

A

Factor VIII (for help of clotting)

Factor IX

Monitor these patients for frequent bleeds in the knees/joints.

47
Q

An elevated hematocrit and BUN are signs of ?

A

dehydration.

48
Q

Widening of the __ interval can increase the risk of life-threatening torsades de pointes. It is most commonly seen with haloperidol (Haldol), methadone, ziprasidone (Geodon), and erythromycin

A

QT

49
Q

__________ involves reduction of acetylcholine receptors in the skeletal muscles; this decreases the strength of muscles used for eye and eyelid movements, speaking, swallowing, and breathing. Treatment includes administration of anticholinesterase drugs before meals, easily-chewed foods, and appropriate vaccinations

A

Myasthenia gravis

50
Q

Administration of ______ is a priority action in the setting of respiratory depression from an unknown substance because it rapidly reverses the depressant effects of opioids

A

naloxone

51
Q

Review: Autonomic dysreflexia is a life-threatening condition in a client with high spinal cord injury. Classic signs/symptoms include severe hypertension, throbbing headache, diaphoresis, bradycardia, flushing, and piloerection. Emergency treatment includes correcting the cause (check bowel or bladder distention), removing tight clothing, and raising the head of the bed

A

Review

52
Q

Impaired communication

A

Aphasia

53
Q

Difficulty swallowing

A

dysphagia

54
Q

275-295 range

concentration of electrolytes in serum

A

serum osmolality

A High serum osmolality occurs in DI due to excessive urination.

Low = decreased urination

55
Q

Normal _______ specific gravity is 1.005-1.030

A

Urine specific gravity

<1.005 well hydrated (excessive urination)

> 1.030 seriously dehydrated

56
Q

Bronchodilator such as albuterol is administered to dilate the small airways and reverse bronchoconstriction

Antihistamine (diphenhydramine) is administered to modify the hypersensitivity reaction and relieve pruritus

Corticosteroids (methylprednisolone [Solu-Medrol]) are administered to decrease airway inflammation and swelling associated with the allergic reaction

A

study

57
Q

Antiviral medications (eg, zanamivir [Relenza], oseltamivir [Tamiflu]) are most beneficial if given within 48-72 hours of symptom onset of what?

A

Influenza

58
Q

Normal BMI:

A

18.5-24.9

59
Q

Abnormally rapid breathing?

shortness of breath

A

tachypnea

dyspnea (can be because of low RBC count)

60
Q

It can treat inflammation, severe allergies, flares of chronic illnesses, and many other medical problems. It can also decrease some symptoms of cancer

A

Methylprednisolone

61
Q

Small red purple spots on the skin - caused by bleeding into the skin and a sign of a fat embolism

A

Petechia

62
Q

Administration of IV 50% dextrose and regular insulin rapidly corrects an elevated serum potassium level by shifting potassium intracellularly. If the client has ECG changes from hyperkalemia, calcium gluconate should be given first to stabilize cardiac muscle

A

Know

63
Q

oliguria

dysuria

A

Decrease urination

Painful urination

64
Q

Pruitis

A

Itching

65
Q

Hypokalemia often occurs with resolution of diabetic ketoacidosis and administration of IV insulin, which shifts potassium from the intravascular to the intracellular space.

_______ is administered even when the client is normokalemic (3.5-5.0 mEq/L [3.5-5.0 mmol/L]) to prevent life-threatening arrhythmias

A

Potassium

66
Q

Levothyroxine is a lifetime medication to prevent _______

A

hypothyroidism

67
Q

Clients with ________ should be instructed not to take potentially high-risk over-the-counter medications, including high-sodium antacids, appetite suppressants, and cold and sinus preparations, as they can increase blood pressure

A

hypertension

68
Q

Drugs commonly associated with ______ _______ include:
Most antihypertensive, blockers such as beta blockers (eg, metoprolol) and alpha blockers (eg, terazosin)

Antipsychotic medications (eg, olanzapine, risperidone) and antidepressants (eg, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors)

Volume-depleting medications such as diuretics (eg, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide)

Vasodilator medications (eg, nitroglycerine, hydralazine)
Narcotics (eg, morphine)
A

orthostatic hypotension

69
Q

Dilitiazem
Metoprolol
Digoxin

Medications used to control a clients ventricular rate to <100 in clients with _______ ______

A

A fib

70
Q

Medications that decrease the heart rate should be held in clients with _______. These include beta blockers such as metoprolol and timolol (including eye drops) and some types of calcium channel blockers (eg, diltiazem, verapamil)

A

bradycardia

NCLEX (7 decks)

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