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Angevin History > Reign of Stephen > Flashcards

Reign of Stephen Flashcards

1
Q

What land did Stephen control?

A

• Vast estates in England
• Normandy

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2
Q

What was Stephen’s title before he became king?

A

Count of Mortain

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3
Q

Who was Stephen knighted by?

A

Henry I

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4
Q

Where was Stephen when Henry died?

A

Boulogne

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5
Q

Who was Henry at war with when he died?

A

Matilda and Geoffrey of Anjou

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6
Q

Who was originally meant to rule England?

A

Matilda

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7
Q

When did Henry I die?

A

1st December 1135

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8
Q

When did Stephen land in England?

A

December 1135

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9
Q

What happened to Henry’s only legitimate heir?

A

He drowned in 1120

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10
Q

Who was Henry of Blois?

A

Stephen’s brother and the Bishop of Winchester

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11
Q

How did Henry of Blois help Stephen?

A

He provided the backing of the church

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12
Q

When did Stephen’s coronation take place?

A

22nd December 1135

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13
Q

When did Pope Innocent II confirm Stephen’s coronation?

A

1136

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14
Q

What did the pope’s confirmation of Stephen’s coronation do?

A

Absolved all the barons from their oath to Henry

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15
Q

What did Robert of Gloucester do in April 1136?

A

Rendered conditional homage to Stephen

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16
Q

In 1137 what did Stephen feel secure enough to do?

A

Go to Normandy

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17
Q

What did Robert of Gloucester do in May 1138?

A

Withdrew his support and switched his allegiance to his half sister

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18
Q

When was the civil war?

A

1139 - 1148

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19
Q

What dilemma did Stephen have in 1138

A

He lost support of the church

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20
Q

What was Stephen’s personality?

A

• Weak personality
• Lacked statesmanship
• Lacked trust
• Too lenient

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21
Q

Who was second in wealth to the king?

A

Roger, Bishop of Salisbury

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22
Q

Who was Roger, Bishop of Salisbury’s son?

A

Roger Le Poer

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23
Q

Who was Roger, Bishop of Salisbury’s nephew?

A

Nigel, Bishop of Ely

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24
Q

what role did Roger Le Poer have in the church?

A

Chancellor

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25
Q

What role did Nigel, Bishop of Ely have in the church?

A

Treasurer

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26
Q

Who was Roger, Bishop of Salisbury’s other nephew?

A

Alexander, Bishop of Lincoln

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27
Q

What was Roger, Bishop of Salisbury’s family doing to castles?

A

Strengthening, building and garrisoning them

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28
Q

What did jealous barons lead Stephen to believe about Roger, Bishop of Salisbury’s family?

A

That they had treacherous plans ahead

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29
Q

What did the way Stephen dealt with Roger, Bishop of Salisbury’s family cause

A

Anger and the church were offended thus they withdrew their support from Stephen

30
Q

Why was the church bitterly offended?

A

Because Stephen had laid violent hands on ecclesiastics

31
Q

What were ecclesiastics?

A

Members if the church

32
Q

When did Matilda and Robert land in England?

A

30th September 1139

33
Q

What did Matilda set up in Bristol and Gloucester?

A

Alternative administration

34
Q

What did alternative administration do to Stephen?

A

It deprived him of authority and revenue in surrounding areas

35
Q

When was Stephen defeated and captured?

A

At the battle of Lincoln in February 1141

36
Q

When was Stephen released from captivity?

A

November 1141

37
Q

When was Stephen crowned again?

A

Christmas 1141

38
Q

How Long was royal authority absent for whilst Stephen was in captivity?

A

10 months

39
Q

Who were the leading magnates?

A

• Waleran of Meulan
• Roger of Warwick
• Geoffrey de Mandeville

40
Q

What did 19 months without authority open up?

A

The way for alternative arrangements

41
Q

What is an example of one of the aspects of Henry I’s administration that was continued?

A

Council of magnates which continued to be summoned by the king

42
Q

What happened to royal households?

A

They were scaled down

43
Q

What happened to finances?

A

They were greatly reduced

44
Q

Where did the Exchequer move to?

A

Westminster

45
Q

What did some barons do in a time of turmoil?

A

They sought to enhance their own position

46
Q

What did corrupt barons do with writs?

A

They issued similar writs

47
Q

Who did the earls become answerable to instead of the king?

A

Earls

48
Q

Who were many sheriffs appointed by during Stephen’s reign?

A

Earls

49
Q

Who came to England in an attempt to re-energize the Angevin claim?

A

Henry

50
Q

Who was Eustace?

A

Stephen’s son

51
Q

When and where did Eustace attempt to be rid of his rival to the throne?

A

• England in 1149
• Normandy 1151

52
Q

How did Stephen try to secure his son’s inheritance?

A

He asked the pope if he could be crowned during his lifetime

53
Q

When did Geoffrey die, leaving Henry as count of Anjou?

A

1151

54
Q

When did Henry return to England to secure his inheritance?

A

1153

55
Q

What happened in August 1153?

A

Henry and Stephen met up in the battlefield to negotiate

56
Q

When did Eustace die?

A

August 1153

57
Q

How did Eustace die?

A

Disease

58
Q

What happened in November 1153?

A

Stephen recognised Henry as his adopted son and heir

59
Q

When was the treaty of Winchester?

A

November 1153

60
Q

When did Henry leave for Normandy

A

Spring 1154

61
Q

When and how did Stephen die?

A

Stephen fell ill in October 1154

62
Q

How was there an increase in power among the barons?

A

• They used civil war to increase their holdings
• Barons fought each other to exploit the situation

63
Q

What land did King David take?

A

Northumberland and Cumberland

64
Q

When did Stephen go to Normandy to calm troubles?

A

1137

65
Q

Who, supported by King Louis and normans, caused havok?

A

Geoffrey Plantagenet

66
Q

When did Stephen lose Normandy?

A

1144

67
Q

What is an adulterine castle?

A

A castle built without royal permission

68
Q

Who were the leading magnates

A

• Waleran of Meulan
• Roger of Warwick
• Geoffrey de Mandeville

69
Q

How many castles were held in private hands in 1100?

A

2/3

70
Q

What law did Stephen Mistakenly revoke?

A

The forest laws

Angevin History (33 decks)

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