reliability and validity

Question 1

validity?

Answer 1

refers to whether a measure actually measures what it claims to be. shows how true and accurate the research is. does what it intended to do

Question 2

reliability?

Answer 2

refers to how consistent your research is. if you did it again would you get the same results?

Question 3

internal validity?

Answer 3

refers to whether the effects observed in a study are due to the manipulation of the IV and not some other factor. IV caused DV to change or has something else caused it.

Question 4

external validity?

Answer 4

refers to whether data in a research study can be generalised to other situations outside the research environment

Question 5

ecological validity?

Answer 5

if we conduct the research in a different setting or in a different environment will we get the same results

Question 6

population validity?

Answer 6

do the participants in the study represent the population of the people we are applying our results to?

Question 7

how to deal with extraneous variables?

Answer 7

run a pilot study to identify possible extraneous variables and control for them. make sure participants complete study under the same conditions

Question 8

demand characteristics ?

Answer 8

clues in the study that suggest what the researcher is looking to find.

Question 9

how to deal with demand characteristics ?

Answer 9

use a blind single procedure , use red herring questions which include questions or activities that aren’t relevant to the study.

Question 10

how to deal with researcher bias ?

Answer 10

follow standardised procedures, use double blind technique. employ someone to conduct the study who doesn’t know what the researcher is looking for

Question 11

social desirability bias?

Answer 11

participant doesn’t tell the whole truth astray want to put themselves over in a good light

Question 12

how to deal with social desirability bias ?

Answer 12

ensure confidentiality and don’t ask for names

Question 13

4 issues that affect internal validity?

Answer 13

1. extraneous variables
2. demand characteristics
3. researcher bias
4. social desirability bias

Question 14

how to deal with internal reliability?

Answer 14

to ensure your test is reliable you should check or pilot the test first and take any questions out that may seem to cause confusion. failure to do so may result in low internal reliability

Question 15

how to deal with external reliability?

Answer 15

issues may be caused by the way research is explained or run. therefore you should use standardised instructions that are written down or recorded so all participants receive the same info. treat every participant the same way

Question 16

how to deal with low inter - observer reliability?

Answer 16

train the observers beforehand ensuring behaviour categories have be operationalised pilot the observation.