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Religious Studies- GCSE > Religion - Islam - Practices > Flashcards

Religion - Islam - Practices Flashcards

1
Q

Five Pillars - Overview

The Five Pillars and the Ten Obligatory Acts and the Shahadah

A
  • central muslim practices
  • support main principles and islamic beliefs
  • key to living perfect life
  • shared faith
  • show obedience to God
  • Shahadah (decleration of faith)
  • Salah (prayer)
  • Zakah (charity)
  • Sawm (fasting)
  • Hajj (pilgrimage)
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2
Q

Ten Obligatory Acts (Shi’a)

The Five Pillars and the Ten Obligatory Acts and the Shahadah

A
  • Salah (prayer)
  • Sawm (fasting)
  • Zakah (charity)
  • Khums (20% tax of excess income)
  • Hajj (pilgrimage)
  • Jihad (struggle to maitain faith + defend islam)
  • Amir-Bil-Maruf (encouraging people to do good)
  • Nahi Anil Minkar (discouraging wrong-doing)
  • Tawallah (love towards friends of God)
  • Tabarra (disassociating from enemy of God)
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3
Q

Shahadah

The Five Pillars and the Ten Obligatory Acts and the Shahadah

A
  • basic belief in Islam
  • only requirment to join islam = recite infront of muslim witnesses
  • recited throughout life (daily prayer)
  • when a baby is born (first hear decleration of their faith)
  • ideally last words before death
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4
Q

Quote

Shahadah - Sunni + Shia

The Five Pillars and the Ten Obligatory Acts and the Shahadah

A

There is no God but ALlah and Muhammad is the Prophet of Allah (And Ali is the friend of God)
(shows belief in Ali being the true succesor - Shi’a)

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5
Q

Times of Prayer

Salah - Prayer

A
  • second pillar
  • Sunni Muslims -> five set times during day

Times of Day:
- just before sunrise (Fajr)
- Just after midday (Zuhr)
- afternoon (Asr)
- just after sunset (Maghrib)
- night (Isha)

  • self discipline to submit to God
  • shia -> three times a day (midday and afternoon are combined)
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6
Q

Prayer Preperation

Salah - Prayer

A
  • must be spiritually clean before prayer

Wudu:
- ritual washing (ablution)
- special rooms for washing (men and women)
- with running water
- sand and dust is also allowed if no water available
- allows Muslims to focus fully on God in prayer

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7
Q

Direction of Prayer

Salah - Prayer

A
  • must face holy city of Mecca when praying
  • physically and mentally focusing on the place associated with God
  • all mosques have a mihrab (a semi-circular niche) in the qiblah wall the mihrab shows the exact direction of Mecca
  • special compass used to show direction in not in mosque
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8
Q

Wudu - Qur’an

Salah - Prayer

A

‘you who believe, when you are about to pray, wash your faces and your hands…’

Qur’an

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9
Q

Prayer in a Mosque

Salah - Prayer

A
  • carpets look like seperate rows of prayer mats (facing Mihrab)
  • prayers lead by an imam who is infront of congregation
  • men and women are seperated by pray at the same time
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10
Q

The Rak’ah

Salah - Prayer

A
  • set of actions and recitations
  • changes depending on prayer
  • personal prayers can be added at the end

Basic sequence:
- while standing the first Qur’an chapter is recited
- muslims bow to show greatness of God
- return to upright postion and praise God
- prostration (kneel with forehead + nose + knees + toes) to show complete obedience
- then sit while reciting ‘god is the greatest’ + prostration + repeat sitting and recitiation

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11
Q

Salah - General Quotes

Salah - Prayer

A

‘Your Lord says, ‘Call on Me and I will answer you’’

‘so woe to those who pray but are heedless of their prayer’

Qur’an

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12
Q

Jummah Prayer

Salah - Prayer

A
  • midday prayer every friday
  • all men expected to attend
  • Imam delivers service reminding muslims of obligation to God
  • Muslims must leave work for the prayer then return
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13
Q

Prayer at Home

Salah - Prayer

A
  • home praying is allowed
  • room should be clean and suitable
  • prayers mats often used
  • must face Mecca
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14
Q

Significance of Prayer

Salah - Prayer

A
  • one of five pillars
  • creates a greater awareness of God
  • motivates them to follow gods will
  • united muslims in the similarity of it
  • reciting Qur’an shows its importance
  • prostrating + bowing reminds Gods greatness and superiority
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15
Q

Ramadan - Overview

Sawm - Fasting

A
  • ninth month of Islamic calender (most important)
  • during ramadan qur’an was revealed
  • remeber the teachings of Qur’an as it recited over the month
  • focus on fasting, chairity and pleasing God
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16
Q

Abstations

Fasting - Ramadan

Sawm - Fasting

A

month of fasting:
- fasting during daylight
- going without food and drink
- no smoking + sex + alcohol
- get up to eat before sunrise
- fast is broken at sunset
- evening meal with family + friends

  • ## ramadan commanded in the Qur’an
17
Q

Fasting - Exceptions

Sawm - Fasting

A

days missed should be made up later
- health reasons
- pregnat women
- mothers with young children
- ill people
- children (although some practice for shorter times)

18
Q

Ramadam - Charity

Sawm - Fasting

A
  • fasting serves as reminder to think of the poor
  • inspires charity
  • zakah is payed during Ramadan
19
Q

Quote

Ramadam - Night of Power

Sawm - Fasting

A
  • marks begining of God revaltion to Muhammad
  • second half of ramadam

The night of Glory is better than a thousand months

Qur’an

20
Q

Sawm - Quotes

Sawm - Fasting

A

‘It was the month of Ramadam that the Qur’an was revealed as guidance for mankind’
‘Any one of you who sees in that month should fast’

Qur’an

21
Q

Zakah - Overview

Zakah - Almsgiving

A
  • third pillar
  • 2.5% of savings every year
  • acknowledgement of privilidge
  • shows everything they own belongs to God
  • frees people from desire + greed
  • teaches honesty and self discipline
  • purifies / clenses the soul (removes greed + selfishness)
22
Q

Zakah - Quotes

Zakah - Almsgiving

A

‘God is well aware of whatever good you do’
‘alms are meant only for the poor, the needy’

Qur’an

23
Q

Zakah - givers and recivers

Zakah - Almsgiving

A

Givers:
- muslims with a greater savings amount that the nisab

recivers:
- can be donated directly to charities (e.g. Islamic Relief)
- can be put in a collection box in the mosque -> then distributed amoung to poor

24
Q

Sadaqah

Zakah - Almsgiving

A

additional opptional money given at any point throughout the year

25
Q

Zakah - Significance

Zakah - Almsgiving

A
  • fufiling duty imposed by God
  • given zakah is a sign of true muslims (from qur’an)
  • strenghts community tied
  • creates better attitude with money
  • links with prayers which make people care for others
26
Q

Khums

Zakah - Almsgiving

A

Shia Islam

  • additional to Zakah
  • 20% of additional income
  • half goes to shi’a religous leaders
  • other half goes to charity on behalf of God
27
Q

Hajj - Overview

Hajj - Pilgrimage

A
  • fith pillar
  • pilgarige that should be made at least once during a muslims life
  • starts in Mecca
  • 8th -> 12th of last islamic calender months (Dhul-Hijjah)
28
Q

Hajj - Quote

Hajj - Pilgrimage

A

‘Pilgrimage to the House is a duty owed to God by people who are able to undertake it’

Qur’an

29
Q

Hajj - Origin

Hajj - Pilgrimage

A
  1. prophet Ibrahim was divinely ordered to take his wife (hagar) and son (ishmael) to arabia and leave them
  2. needing help Hagar ran between two hills (Safa and Marwah)
  3. she prayed to God for help
  4. when ishmael struck the ground a water source was formed
  5. ibrahim then returned and was ordered to build a shrine -> the Ka’aba was built
  6. City of Mecca was later established using the water source
  7. Muhammads journey from Madinah -> Mecca with Muslims is considered the first pilgramige
30
Q

Hajj - Ihram

Hajj - Pilgrimage

A
31
Q

Hajj - Circling the Ka’aba

Hajj - Pilgrimage

A
32
Q

travelling + standing

Hajj - Arafat

Hajj - Pilgrimage

A
33
Q

Hajj - Pebbles at Mina

A
34
Q

Hajj - Returing to Mecca

Hajj - Pilgrimage

A
35
Q

Hajj - Significance

Hajj - Pilgrimage

A

hajji - someone who has completed hajj

  • hajji may become for concisous of God -> become a better person
  • teaches humility in relationship with God
  • gives inner peace and valuable qualities
  • shows self-discipline
  • shows unity + equality in muslim community (same clothing worn by all)
  • lead to sin forgivness
  • reminds muslims of faith set be Ibrahim
36
Q
A

Religious Studies- GCSE (11 decks)

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