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Religion 111 > Religions Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Religions Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Orthodox

A

Most traditional branch of Judaism

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2
Q

Example of orthodox

A
  • Use the Hebrew language during worship services
  • Separates men and women
  • Follows strict rules about not working on the Sabbath
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3
Q

Conservative

A

Mixture of traditional practices and modernized practices (Judaism)

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4
Q

Example of conservative

A
  • Mostly uses the Hebrew language during worship services
  • Allows men and women to sit together
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5
Q

Reform

A

Most modernized branch of Judaism

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6
Q

Examples of reform

A
  • Uses local languages during worship services
  • Allows men and women to sit together
  • Does not follow strict rules about not working on the Sabbath
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7
Q

Clothing

A

Orthodox Jewish women are required to cover most of their body in public

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8
Q

Hair covering

A

Married orthodox women are required to cover hair in public

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9
Q

Mehitzah

A

Barrier that separates men and women in an orthodox worship service

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10
Q

Minyan

A

Minimum number of people needed to have Jewish worship service. In orthodox Judaism women do not count as part of the minyan

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11
Q

Women rabbis

A

First official women rabbi was in the reform branch in the 1970’s

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12
Q

Jewish feminism

A

Jewish feminist argue that Jewish women need more leadership opportunities and need more midrash featuring powerful women

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13
Q

Midrash

A

Creative interpretation of the Jewish Bible

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14
Q

Hijab

A

Means cover. It refers to Muslim women’s modest clothing which is worn to cover private parts of their body from being seen by the public

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15
Q

Qur’an: variety in interpretation

A

Muslims disagree weather the Qur’an identifies hair as a private part, which women need to cover in public

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16
Q

Pre-Islamic Arab

A

Upper class women covered their hair as a symbol of personal dignity

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17
Q

Burqa

A

Covers a Muslim women’s entire body and face

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18
Q

Reasons for covering

A

Muslim women might cover their hair in public because…
- they are required by their government or family members
-they believe it is a way to honor God
-want to display their identity as a Muslim

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19
Q

Leadership in the Salat

A

Traditionally a women is not allowed to lead a salat if a man is praying

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20
Q

Place in mosque

A

If women pray in a mosque, traditionally they must be behind the men or in a separate room

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21
Q

Polygamy

A

According to the Qur’an a man is allowed to have up to 4 wives if he treats them equally

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22
Q

Common disapproval

A

Although it’s allowed in the Qur’an many Muslims disapprove of polygamy

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23
Q

Divorce by repudiation

A

This is the traditional Islamic practice after a man says “I divorce you” 3 times, the divorce is final

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24
Q

Islamic feminism

A

Islamic feminists argue that because the Qur’an reflects its 7th century arabin context, it should be re-interpreted to give more rights/equality to women

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25
Q

Vajrayana Buddhism

A

Branch that has been mostly followed in Tibet

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26
Q

Tantrism

A

This part of Vajrayana features practices which involve the union of female and masculine principles

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27
Q

Lama

A

Vajrayana religious leader

28
Q

Vajra

A

metal object, shaped like a lightning bolt used in Vajrayana rituals

29
Q

Prayer wheel

A

This object contains written prayers and is turned to produce good karma, popular in Vajrayana

30
Q

Mandala

A

Art form used in meditation, it symbolizes harmony between human world and spiritual world, popular in Vajrayana

31
Q

Mudra

A

symbolic hand gesture, images of Buddha’s communicate Buddha’s principles through mudra

32
Q

Enso

A

Circle which symbolizes emptiness, popular in Zen Buddhism

33
Q

Idolatry (Judaism)

A

Worshipping someone/something other than God. their have not been many Jewish visual artists because concern that art promotes idolatry

34
Q

Icon (Christianity: Orthodox)

A

Image of Jesus or saint, which is used in orthodox worship

35
Q

Iconoclastic Controversy (Christianity: Orthodox)

A

orthodox leaders trying to end the use of icons because concern about idolatry

36
Q

Crucifix (Christianity: Roman Catholic)

A

A cross with an image of Jesus on it

37
Q

Stations of the Cross (Christianity: Roman Catholic)

A

Serious of images showing Jesus’s final days on earth, it encourages personal imitation of Jesus

38
Q

Ulrich Zwingli (Christianity: Protestant)

A

He was a leader who removed all art from his churches because concerned about idolatry

39
Q

Shia Islam (Art in Islam)

A

About 10% of Muslims follow this branch of Islam, the other 90% follow Sunni Islam, the country with the largest Shia population is Iran

40
Q

Death of Muhammad

A

After Muhammad died, Muslims disagreed about who should become the next leader of Islam

41
Q

Ali

A

First Shia Muslim believed the next leader of Islam should be Ali because he was a member of Muhammad’s family

42
Q

Aniconism

A

avoiding images of spiritual beings and human beings. It is an important principle for many Muslims

43
Q

Images of prophets

A

Sunni Islam does not allow visual images of prophets, such as Muhamad . Shia Islam encourages visual images of prophets

44
Q

Images of heaven

A

Heaven displayed as a beautiful garden is a popular image in Islamic art

45
Q

Calligraphy

A

Beautiful writing, especially verse’s from the Qur’an is a popular Islamic art form

46
Q

Cantillation

A

Musical chanting of the Jewish Bible or Jewish prayers

47
Q

Nigunim

A

Fast joyful music which uses non-sense sounds instead of words, its popular in Hasidic Judaism

48
Q

Hasidic Judaism

A

This branch of Judaism emphasizes separation of the outside world and emphasizes the belief that God is everywhere

49
Q

Klezmer

A

Traditional Jewish music was originally performed at wedding celebrations

50
Q

Hip hop (Judaism)

A

Often challenges Jewish stereotypes by expressing pride in Jewish identity

51
Q

Gregorian Chant

A

This music was popular in Catholic churches for many centuries

52
Q

Pope Gregory

A

The word Gregorian refers to Pope Gregory who used this music to ignite Catholic churches

53
Q

Second Vatican Council (1962-1965)

A

A large gathering of Catholic leaders during the 1960’s

54
Q

Goal of Second Vatican Council

A

Modernize the Catholic church, based this modernization on ideas found in early Christian sources

55
Q

Changes involving music

A

Second Vatican Council encourages the use of local languages instead of only Latin, encouraged the use of musical instruments in addition to the organ, encourages singing by the entire congregation

56
Q

Larry Norman

A

Founder of Christian rock, tried to persuade Christians that rock is an expectable type of music

57
Q

Type of music

A

some Christians have believed that rock is an evil Satanic type of music

58
Q

Quality of music

A

Christian rock has been criticized for having poor music quality compared to main stream rock

59
Q

Beliefs about music

A

Many Muslims believe they can not listen to music, many other Muslim’s believe they can listen to music but not if it includes musical instruments

60
Q

Hadith

A

This set of book’s describes the prophet Muhamad teaches and actions. Many Muslim’s believe the Hadith does not allow listening to music or instruments

61
Q

Hip hop (Islam)

A

Islamic hip hop often challenges islamophobia by expressing pride in Muslim identity

62
Q

Sufism

A

Interpretation of Islam. It emphasizes receiving and sharing God’s love. It emphasizes a close, personal relationship with God

63
Q

Dhikr

A

Repetitive practice such as chanting or spinning to help Sufis become closer to God

64
Q

Qawwali

A

A popular type of music in Sufism

65
Q

Lyrics

A

Praise God or honor Muhamad

Religion 111 (1 decks)

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