Renal 5

Question 1

Fluid and electrolyte balance involves

Answer 1

Respiratory, Cardiovascular, Renal Systems as well as behavioural responses

Question 2

Cardiovascualr and Respiratory systems are under

Answer 2

Neural Control

Question 3

Renal responses

Answer 3

Endocrine control

Question 4

Water intake must match

Answer 4

Excretion

Question 5

What creates concentrated urine

Answer 5

Renal medulla

Question 6

Diuresis

Answer 6

Removal of excess urine (During high blood pressure)

Question 7

Where does the kidney control urine concentration

Answer 7

Distal nephron (Distal tubule and collecting duct)

Question 8

How does distal nephron produce concentrated urine

Answer 8

Must reabsorb water and little solute
Uses aquaporins

Question 9

How dpes the distal tubule and collecting duct alter their permeability to water

Answer 9

By adding or removing water pores in the apical membrane under the direction of the posterior pituitary hormone vasopressin (AVP)

Question 10

What senses the changes in blood volume and blood pressure

Answer 10

Volume receptors in atria and cartoid and aortic baroreceptors

Question 11

Decrease in blood volume and blood pressure

Answer 11

Cardiovasuclar System: Cardiac output up by vasoconstriction
Behaviour: Thirst causes water intake; ECF AND ICF up
Kindneys: Conserve salt and water to minimize water loss

Question 12

Increase blood volume and increased blood pressure

Answer 12

Cardiovascular system: Cardiac output down (Vasodialation)
Kidneys: Excrete salts and h2o in urine: ECF and ICF goes down

Question 13

Water intake must match

Answer 13

Excretion

Question 14

Sources of water intake

Answer 14

Food and drink
Metabolism

Question 15

Sources of water output

Answer 15

Skin
Lungs
URINE
Feces

Question 16

Volume gain will be offset with

Answer 16

Increase loss

Question 17

Diuresis

Answer 17

Removal of excess urine (No solute just fluid)

Question 18

Steps of Renal medulla creating concentrated urine

Answer 18

1. Isosmotic fluid leaving the proximal tubule and becomes more progressively more concentrated in the descending limb (Only water reabsorbtion occurs here)
2. Removal of solute in thick ascending limb creates hyposmotic fluid

Question 19

how do the distal tubule and collecting duct alter their permeability to water?

Answer 19

By adding or removing water pores in the apical membrane under the direction of posterior hormone vasopressin (AVP) Aka antidiretic harmone

Question 20

Without Vasopressin (AVP)

Answer 20

Water cannot be reabsorbed

Question 21

Steps of AVP induced AQP2 insertion

Answer 21

1. Vasopressin binds to membrane receptor
2. Receptor activate cAMP adenyl cyclase pathway.
3. Cell inserts AQP2 water pores into the apical membrane (fluid comes in)
4. Water is reabsorbed

Question 22

What stimuli control vasopressin secretion

Answer 22

Decrease Blood volume, Decrease Blood pressure and Increased Osmolarity

Question 23

which neurons synthesize vasopressin

Answer 23

Hypothalamic Neurons

Question 24

AVP secretion also shows a

Answer 24

Circadian Rhythm (At night)

Question 25

AVP Production and secretion

Answer 25

1. AVP is made and packaged in cell body neuron
2. Vesicles are transported down the cell
3. Vesicles containing AVP are stored in posterior pituitary
   4, AVP is released into blood