Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

FIRST AID > Renal-CV-Resp 1 > Flashcards

Renal-CV-Resp 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Scarring at UPPER & LOWER poles. blunted calyces

A

Chronic Pyelonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

COPD vs. restrictive

A

FEV1/FVC is decreased in COPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Picture of pulmonary test after treatment with X after 5 /12 hours what is released to cause improvement?

A

Epinepherine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Linear deposits in glomeruli / goodpastures, what ELSE does the patient have?

A

Pulmonary hemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What happens to the S1 sound in left branch block?

A

Disappears in LBBB with paradoxical splitting. Widens split on RBBB.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

An old lady is on a diuretic, losing her K+, we put her on a drug that does what?

A

Drug which inhibits Na+ reabsorption in late distal and collecting tubules.
FA528/548

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

An asthmatic old lady had controlled her asthma with an anti-asthmatic drug for 10 years when she fell and broke her hip. What drug was she taking that made her bones weak?

A

Prednisone (causes muscular breakdown AND osteoporosis) FA332

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Guy on NSAIDs. therefore got ulcer and bleeding. on omeprazole for acid. now has kidney failure. Muddy brown casts is due to?

A

Acute Tubular Necrosis

FA543

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where does the most mucus come from / where does the mucus production happen?

A

Terminal bronchi?

FA600

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

HIV patient – nothing on x-ray.

A

Pulmonary hypertension

FA608

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Silver stain?

A

PCP - Pneumocystis pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Guy running in the cold, he has dyspnea and chest tightness after his run. What will we auscultate?

A

Widely spaced wheezing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why is NO better than nitroprusside?

A

Nitropruss causes decreased hemoglobin available for 02 binding.
FA298

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Homeless guy with filamentous bacteria, yellow granules in sputum?

A

Actinomyces israelii.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Old lady on thiazide, sudden hypertension, which artery to auscultate?

A 
Renal artery 
(yes because the suspicion is renal artery stenosis with increased renin release due to JG cells detecting very low perfusion pressure and macula densa cells detecting low salt delivery to the DCT due to the decreased GFR)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pt on digoxin should NOT be treated with?

A

Any drug that causes hypokalemia (e.g. thiazides, loops: if specific drugs furosemide, ethacynic acid, hydrochlorothiazide, indapamine) FA301 hypokalemia (permissive for digoxin binding at K+-binding site on Na+/K+ ATPase), verapamil, amiodarone, quinidine ( digoxin clearance; displaces digoxin from tissue-binding sites)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Patient has metabolic acidosis and hypokalemia. Which drug caused it?

A

Acetazolamide (If HYPERkalemia, it’d be K+ sparing) (Acetazolamide will cause aldosterone release to send K+ out causing the hypokalemia) FA533,547,528 HARDASS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Patient in renal failure has hypocalcemia, what best explains this fact?

A

Hyperphosphatemia. (due to decreased phosphate excretion from failing kidneys, and excess phosphate binds to serum calcium and decreases free Ca+ in the blood)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

COPD, What happens:

A

pH ↓, PCO2 ↑, and bicarb approx 30 (renal compensation is a slight increase in bicarb) FA533

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

5 days of Diarrhea will cause:

A

non-anion gap metabolic acidosis with partial respiratory compensation (NAG = HARDASS, this is the D)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Kid with poorly controlled diabetes, what will his acid-base status be?

A

DKA = anion gap metabolic acidosis with increased H+ excretion in the urine to compensate (or was it increase bicarb reabsorption)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What happens to the heart with normal aging

A

Calcification of aortic valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Peaked t wave is due to?

A

Hyperkalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Old dude vs. young bro, old guy has serum creatinine of 2.5, young guy serum creatinine of 1, all other values were the same. What is the old guys GFR in relation to the young guys GFR?

A

40%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Old 80 y/o dude vs 20 y/o bro, neither one smokes, same CO. what accounted for the increased pulse pressure in older guy?

A

decreased arterial compliance
(Mean arterial pressure CO = SV x HR —- UP SV ~ UP Contractility / Down After load / UP Pre load)
An 80 year old man will have a higher pulse pressure than a 50 year old man even if their stroke volume is the same and their diastolic pressures are the same because the 80-year-old man has decreased arterial compliance, so with every systolic ejection, the systolic arterial blood pressure will be higher in the 80-year-old man than in the 50-year-old (since decreased compliance means increased pressure for a given change in volume)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Old guy and young guy, what’s the difference in lung function?

A

Decreased FVC (due to loss of elasticity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Unvaccinated 3-year-old kid w/ paroxysmal cough (i.e. whooping cough) and vomiting:

A

Bordetella Pertussis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Guy for pre basketball checkup. Has long spider fingers, super tall, arachnodactyly. (Marfan) leads to what?

A

Aortic root dilation

FA287

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Gross pic of kidney w/ cyst, described as a solid/hard/palpable cyst.

A

Renal cell carcinoma

FA540

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Solid cyst in bronchus-hamartoma, regular lung epithelium covers the cyst - hard and calcified. what is it?

A

Bronchial hamartoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Right atrium mass (moves/blocks with valve)

A

Myxoma (may cause syncope)

FA294

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

“Irregularly irregular”

A

Atrial fibrilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

EKG with saw-tooth:

A

Atrial flutter w/ 4:1 block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Big picture with many leads - look at lead II to figure out it. Large ventricular tracings:

A

Ventricular tachycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

African american female, uveitis, hilar lymphadenopathy, sjogren-like sx (e.g. feels like there’s dirt in the eye and can’t chew a cracker, has granuloma. What does she have:

A

Sarcoidosis. what will we see? non caseating granulomas (pathoma pg 92)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Wife never smoked, husband had lung cancer, wife gets cancer. The x-ray was negative. When the women passed away, gross inspection of the lung showed a peripheral neoplasm that was encasing the lung.

A

Mesothelioma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Shipworker:

A

Asbestosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

IgA, kid pharyngitis, purpura on arms and back of legs:

A

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (pathoma p 67) FA297

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

A kid with nephrotic syndrome. What do we see on light microscopy? (Minimal Change disease)

A

No change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Cystic fibrosis, (+ Cl in sweat test) : why does she have steatorrhea?

A

Pancreatic insufficiency FA353

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Where is SA node conduction?

A

On junction of superior vena cava and R atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Which drug caused pulmonary fibrosis/thickening symptoms?

A

Amiodarone FA303

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

17 yr old playing ball, gets dyspnea, what’s the underlying condition?

A

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD would be holosystolic murmur, ASD makes diastolic murmur) . small vsd defects sometimes asymptomatic.pathoma pg 77 FA283

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Healthy athlete becoming dyspneic while playing a sport and there was a systolic crescendo murmur heard in the aortic area.

A

Thickening of the interventricular septum (pathoma pg 83)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Question where they showed a picture of a crescendo decrescendo murmur (radiating to the neck?)

A

Aortic stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Diastolic murmur with picture comparing normal heart sounds vs the one with the murmur. The image shows the murmur (wiggly lines) showing after the S2 with a delay.

A

Mitral Stenosis (opening snap)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Atrial septal defect is often assoc w tricuspid atresia (pathoma pg 78. )There was a question that described a tricuspid arrhythmia (what is this description??) and asked to point on the diagram to the area on the chest where the arrhythmia can best be heard

A

Tricuspid Area (APT M)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Fixed splitting of S2 is due to?

A

ASD

FA283,271

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

African-American with HIV, what type of kidney damage will is present?

A

Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis

FA536

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Beck’s triad in an old person (muffled heart sounds, distended neck veins, hypotension)

A

Cardiac tamponade

FA293

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Which drug best lowers high LDL?

A

(statins) - drug that inhibits HMG-CoA reductase. what’s the mechanism? Answer: increase LDL receptors on liver (be careful not to fall for HMG answer in the choices) FA300

52
Q

Kid with increase PR interval on EKG (bradycardia). SHOWS graph. Graph depicts bradycardia b/c r-r interval is lengthened.

A

???

53
Q

Someone had a crush injury (car accident??) cause of complications?

A

Rhabdomyolysis (may lead to Toxic tubular necrosis from the myoglobin)
FA294

54
Q

Symptoms of infective Endocarditis, next step?

A

Blood culture

FA292

55
Q

EDV=115, SV=65, what was Ejection Fraction?

A

[SV/EDV = (EDV-ESV)/EDV] = 0.43

56
Q

Circumflex artery supplies what?

A

Lateral wall left ventricle FA266

57
Q

What caused S3?

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy

FA270, FA290

58
Q

Patient experiencing symptoms after took sulfonamide (penicillin) for infection.

A

Acute interstitial nephritis

FA543

59
Q

What split would you expect to see in LBBB?

A

Paradoxical splitting. has A&P in the first column, the second column has P occurring BEFORE A
FA271

60
Q

Patients PaO2 went up when switched from supine to decubitus on right side opposite lung issue. Why?

A

??Pleural effusion

61
Q

Patient given drug. Admission: bun: 29, creatine 2.2. On day 4: bun: 30, creatinine: 2.3. Day 10: bun: 60, creatine: 5.8. This patient’s BUN increased by 2x (from 30 to 60) and his/her Creatinine increased by roughly 2.5x, so the BUN:CR ratio decreased, indicating:

A

Intrarenal azotemia, essentially bun/cr goes 13–>13→ 10) such as acute tubular necrosis
FA544

62
Q

Man with Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) will also have:

A

Liver cysts

63
Q

Patient experiencing symptoms after penicillin (sulfa drug) for infection, whats causing acute kidney injury?

A

Acute interstitial nephritis

64
Q

Drawing of lungs; where would TB show up after 10 years?

A

Black dot in upper lobe w/ dot

65
Q

Stranded in desert

A

Hyperosmotic volume contraction

66
Q

Cardiac sounds displaced laterally and large on x-ray? (Alcoholic)

A

Dilated Cardiomyopathy Left Ventricle (FA290 ABCCCD)

67
Q

Tearing pain radiating to back (later also to costovertebral angle?) worse after one minute.

A

Aortic dissection (FA287)

68
Q

Whisper sounds different ant/post of lower lung?

A

Left lower lobe, Lobar pneumonia (AM) (dullness on back)

69
Q

Histology slide (black and white i think), where does glucose get absorbed?

A

PCT - Was on the right - larger tube with little microvilli squiggly hairs in the lumen

70
Q

Patient with bicuspid aortic valve that was stenotic and had a vegetation, had 3 months of fever, etc. strep viridans was in the question:

A

alpha-hemolytic strep

71
Q

What would you expect to be low in a patient with renal failure?

A

Calcium

FA544

72
Q

Someone has s4 heart sound and a murmur, then they develop atrial fibrillation. What happens to the S4?

A

S4 goes away ( the atria are contracting so rapidly that they cannot get a coordinated synced contraction (i.e. atria no longer contracting sufficiently) and the 4th heart sound is due to the “atrial kick” that is no longer occurring)

73
Q

C3 binding to something…AM!!!! (Pathoma page 128) answer choices: 1) thick glomerular basement membrane 2) stable c3 convertase
I’m not sure which question is referring to, but thickening of the glomerular basement membrane on light microscopy is seen in membranous nephropathy, and stable c3 convertase is seen in type 2 intramembranous MPGN

A

????

74
Q

diarrhea like 15 times/day (& vomiting?) for 5 days, she’s dehydrated and hyponatremic. low pco2. acidosis or alkalosis?

A

(Normal anion gap) Metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation

75
Q

Patient with rheumatic fever, what will you see?

A

Increased ASO titers

FA292

76
Q

Woman with leukemia. getting chemo. what is she at high risk for?

A

Uric acid kidney stone FA539

77
Q

AIDS, acid fast picture with little pink critters on a blue background. patient had hiv and low cd4 count and pneumonia. why?

A

mycobacterium avium intracellulare

78
Q

Patient has extreme pain in one foot after walking 20 feet, pain goes away immediately after rest. Has low blood pressure equilaterally on the legs. What is responsible for this problem?

A

Popliteal artery stenosis

79
Q

Patient develops DVT that becomes pulmonary embolism. What is the path that it takes to get to the lung?

A

External iliac→ common iliac→ IVC→ right atrium→ right ventricle→ pulmonary artery

80
Q

The person has cancer in the lung forming organized clusters of cells. there are granules inside (they are hinting at the fact that the cancer is neuroendocrine tumor).

A

Carcinoid tumor Pathoma pg 96

81
Q

Guy has clubbing on his digits and extra bone formation during cancer.

A

squamous cell carcinoma ???bronchogenic carcinoma FA609

82
Q

Person is a non-smoker. has scarring in the lung from cyst removal, and then develops cancer?

A

Adenocarcinoma

83
Q

Women gets radical mastectomy 2 days ago, acute dyspnea:

A

Pulmonary embolus

84
Q

Guy has coughing for several years, for months at a time:

A

Chronic bronchitis

85
Q

Radiating murmurs:
Mitral regurgitation:
Tricuspid:
Aortic stenosis:

A

mitral regurg - axilla
tricuspid - right sternal border
aortic stenosis - carotids.

86
Q

EKG, no p waves – AV blocks, sinus arrest

A

Sinus arrest

87
Q

Hemoptysis, hematuria + sinus pain:

A

Wegeners granulomatosis

FA296

88
Q

Electron Micrograph of the kidney. One structure is labeled. What is this cell responsible for?

A

Delivers oxygen to tissue (RBC)

89
Q

Someone has upregulated ADH:

A

↑ urine osmolarity, ↑cAMP in collecting tubules, and ↑water permeability in collecting tubules. (hyponatremia in blood.)

90
Q

Chest pain radiates to shoulder and neck, which nerve was responsible?

A

Phrenic nerve

91
Q

In pneumothorax- what do you hear?

A

NO Tactile fremitus, YES hyperresonance NO breathing sounds/speech

92
Q

Goodpasture - Linear IgG deposition in basement membrane for goodpasture guy.

A

Linear GBM = goodpasture

93
Q

Friend brings in patient lungs show hyaline membrane (patient ends up dying)

A

ARDS

FA607

94
Q

Female smoker, quit smoking 20 years ago; which cancer did she get?

A

Adenocarcinoma

FA609

95
Q

Green sputum (CF) - most common infection is:

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

FA138

96
Q

Young guy playing soccer chest xray with big black area

A

Spontaneous pneumothorax

FA612

97
Q

Everything that shows nephrotic syndrome (↑ protein in urine). What will present?

A

Hypocomplementemia?

98
Q

Hypocomplementemia

A

Acute PSGN

99
Q

What is the receptor letter on the picture to treat asthma?

A

They are hinting at albuterol which acts at the β2 receptor (Answer D)

100
Q

Father brings child to ER because of acute asthma. He is given a drug for quick relief.Acute asthma exacerbation, treat with what?

A

albuterol

101
Q

If you withhold water from someone who doesn’t respond to ADH:

A

Hyperosmotic volume contraction

102
Q

Overdose on benzos via respiratory depression, hypoventilation→ respiratory acidosis. Why is there acidosis?

A

Due to hypoventilation

103
Q

What lies close to esophagus? Seen on Transesophageal ECHO

A

Left atrium

104
Q

COPD patient with clubbing

A

Respiratory acidosis

105
Q

For HCO3 to be reabsorbed what must take place?

A

Carbonic anhydrase

106
Q

Emphysema presents with what on LM?

A

Thinning of alveolar lining FA604

107
Q

Chronic cough for three months

A

Hyperplasia of glands FA604

108
Q

Where is the damage? We heard systolic sound at apex/ mitral area, mitral regurgitation sounds.

A

Papillary muscle rupture

109
Q

Young woman with rash and arthralgias (implying lupus). stem describes nephrotic symptom.

A

membranous nephropathy

FA536

110
Q

Sublingual nitro. active ingredient

A

NO (Nitrates vasodilates by increasing NO)

FA299

111
Q

Someone has kidney with IgG deposits, what is the person most likely to have?

A

???? Hypocomplementemia

112
Q

Young patient does not do exercise- valsalva maneuver increases intensity of sound of:

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (uneven hypertrophy?) (HCM is heard as systolic murmur at the LSB)

113
Q

Type II pneumocytes secrete:

A

Phospholipids

114
Q

Teacher gets heart problems, something about virus and he was really young. why?

A

Coxsackie B

FA290

115
Q

Woman with CHF progresses to pleural effusion cause of effusion?

A

Increased hydrostatic pressure

116
Q

What changes from fetal to neonatal circulation

A

Increased left atrial pressure

117
Q

Homeless alcoholic) with cyst on his lung. What organism?

A

Bacteriodes

118
Q

What fixes interventricular septum after MI?

A

Fibroblasts

119
Q

16 hours, 2 days… after MI

A

Pericarditis

120
Q

IgA linear deposits, goodpasture. worst prognosis / rapidly progressing GN:

A

Cresentic

121
Q

cAMP ________ with β blockers

A

increases

122
Q

ECG, miss qrs complex once in a while…

A

2nd degree av block (Wenckebach) Mobitz type I wenchback FA278

123
Q

What is causing our CHF patient’s hyponatremia?

A

Increased Atrial natriuretic peptide secretion

124
Q

Doctor punctures something w her needle (she’s trying to get to the kidneys), pt has sudden dyspnea-where did she puncture? What may be injured during renal biopsy?

A

costodiaphragmatic recess

125
Q

Restrictive lung disease what happens to FRC?

A

FRC is low

126
Q

Attempt to access artery off of aorta ON RIGHT SIDE causes breathing difficulty due to?

A

Chylothorax

127
Q

Pain during urination what do you expect to find in urine?

A

white blood cells

FIRST AID (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions