Renal Failure

Question 1

What do you call a sudden decrease in kidney function?

Answer 1

Acute Kidney Injury

Question 2

AKI is characterized with an increase in what in the serum?

Answer 2

creatinine

Question 3

oliguria is defined as less that how much urine in a day?

Answer 3

less than 400-500mL

Question 4

AKI results in an inability to maintain what?

Answer 4

acid base, fluid, and electrolyte balance and to excrete nitrogenous wastes.

Question 5

three categories of AKI

Answer 5

prerenal
intrinsic
postrenal

Question 6

what type of AKI is a result of kidney hypoperfusion (low blood flow or pressure) leading to decreased GFR?

Answer 6

prenrenal

Question 7

which type of AKI is from obstructive uropathy?

Answer 7

postrenal

Question 8

what are some causes of decreased renal perfusion?

Answer 8

hemorrhage
GI losses
Dehydration
Excessive Diuresis

Question 9

what is a buildup of waste products can sometimes cause nonspecific sx and signs such as N/V, altered sensorium, pericarditis, malaise called?

Answer 9

uremia

Question 10

laboratory findings for AKI?

Answer 10

BUN
Creatinine (ration of BUN:Creatinine can help determine prerenal, postrenal, or intrinsic
UA: looking for RBC,s casts or WBC’s.

Question 11

Treatment for prerenal AKI:

Answer 11

depends on the root cause.
achieve euvolemia
restoring perfusion

Question 12

treatment for postrenal AKI:

Answer 12

bladder catheterization
relieve underlying cause

Question 13

treatment of intrinsic AKI:

Answer 13

self limited
managed by nephrology