Renal Function

Question 1

What are the 7 functions of the Kidney

Answer 1

1. Water and sodium homeostatis
2. Control of ECF ion concentrations
3. Acid/Base Balance
4. Excretion of waste
5. endocrine function
6. Formation of concentrated urine
7. Formation of dilute urine

Question 2

What the two different types of Glomeruli

Answer 2

Superficial cortical and juxtamedullary

Question 3

What is the function of Juxtamedullary glomeruli

Answer 3

Exposed to the Na+ gradient and hence very efficient at water reabsorption

Question 4

What substrates are re-absorped at the proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 4

Urea
Creatine
Na+
K+
Cl-
Phosphate
Ca2+
Glucose
AA

Question 5

What ion channels are present in the PCT

Answer 5

Glucose for Na+
Na+ for H+
Na+ and Cl- paracellular that will drag H2O

Question 6

What ion channels are present in the TAL

Answer 6

K+/Na+/2Cl- the target of Frusemide

Question 7

What ion channels are present in the DCT

Answer 7

Na+ in and Cl- in which is blocked by thiazides

Question 8

What ion channels are present in the Collecting tubule

Answer 8

Na+ in and K+ out

Question 9

What ion channels are present in an alpha intercalated cell

Answer 9

H+/K+ and H+ out with HCO3 out leading to an overall H+ loss

Question 10

What ion channels are present in an beta intercalated cell

Answer 10

HCO3 out with H+ in leading to a H+ gain

Question 11

What are the additonal buffers secreted to ensure HCO3 resorption

Answer 11

H2PO4 and NH3+ from glutamine

Question 12

What are the breakdown products of Glutamine

Answer 12

NH3+, secreted for H+ buffering and HCO3 which is reabsorbed