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Therapeutics II > Renal Patho > Flashcards

Renal Patho Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following have an 80% filtrate reabsorption both passive and actively?
A. Proximal Tubule
B. Loop of Henle
C. Distal Tubule
D. Collecting tubule

A

A. Proximal Tubule

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2
Q

Which of the following reabsorb 6% of filtrate and conserve H2O and salt?
A. Proximal Tubule
B. Loop of Henle
C. Distal Tubule
D. Collecting tubule

A

B. Loop of Henle

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3
Q

Which of the following reabsorb around 9% of filtrate with variable reabsorption and active secretion?
A. Proximal Tubule
B. Loop of Henle
C. Distal Tubule
D. Collecting tubule

A

C. Distal Tubule

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4
Q

Which of the following has variable salt and H2O reabsorption controlled by hormones?
A. Proximal Tubule
B. Loop of Henle
C. Distal Tubule
D. Collecting tubule

A

D. Collecting tubule

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5
Q

Which of the following is the normal frequency of urination?
A. 100-150 cm3
B. 150-300 cm3
C. 300-600 cm3
D. 600-800 cm3

A

B. 150-300 cm3, same as micturition urge

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6
Q

Which of the following is the volume of a human bladder?
A. 100-150 cm3
B. 150-300 cm3
C. 300-600 cm3
D. 600-800 cm3

A

D. 600-800 cm3

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7
Q

Which of the following involves secretion and reabsorption of organic acids and bases, including uric acid and most diuretics?
A. Proximal Tubule
B. Loop of Henle
C. Distal Tubule
D. Collecting tubule

A

A. Proximal Tubule

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8
Q

Which describes the water permeability of the proximal tubule?
A. Very high
B. Variable
C. Very low

A

A. Very high

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9
Q

Which of the following involves active reabsorption of 15-25% of filtered Na/K/Cl?
A. Proximal Tubule
B. Loop of Henle
C. Distal Tubule
D. Collecting tubule

A

B. Loop of Henle

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10
Q

Which of the following involves water reabsorption under vasopressin control?
A. Proximal Tubule
B. Loop of Henle
C. Distal Tubule
D. Collecting tubule

A

D. Collecting tubule

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11
Q

Which describes the water permeability of the loop of henle?
A. Very high
B. Variable
C. Very low

A

C. Very low

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12
Q

Which describes the water permeability of the collecting duct?
A. Very high
B. Variable
C. Very low

A

B. Variable

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13
Q

Fill in the blanks for compensatory response to renal injury

A
  1. Decrease # nephrons
  2. Compensatory increase in size and function of remaining nephrons
  3. Glomerular and tubular lesions
  4. Loss of nephrons greater than compensatory capacity
  5. Progressive decrease in GFR
  6. Azotemia
  7. Uremic syndrome
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14
Q

What two major conditions make up over 60% of sources in kidney injury/failure?

A

Diabetes and high blood tension

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15
Q

Normal glomerular capillary pressure is maintained by afferent vaso(dilation/constriction) and efferent vaso(dilation/constriction)

A

Normal glomerular capillary pressure is maintained by afferent vasodilation and efferent vasoconstriction

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16
Q

What happens to GFR, vasodilatory prostaglandins and angiontension II with the use of NSAIDs?

A

Low GFR, loss of vasodilatory prostaglandins increasing afferent resistance (vasoconstriction), increased angiotension II (vasoconstriction)

17
Q

What happens to GFR, vasodilatory prostaglandins and angiontension II with the use of ACE-I or ARB?

A

Low GFR, slightly increase vasodilatory prostaglandins (vasodilation) and decreased angiotension II (vasodilation)

18
Q

What are three major causes of intrinsic acute kidney injury (AKI)?

A

Sepsis, Ischemia, and nephrotoxins

19
Q

Which of the following is not a common key element of progressive nephropathies in CKD?
A. Increased filtration area
B. Increased glomerular capillary pressure
C. Proteinuria
D. Glomerulosclerosis

A

A. Increased filtration area

20
Q

Which of the following are key abnormalities that give rise to CKD-MBD?
A. Hypercalcemia
B. Impaired phosphate excretion
C. Decrease production of active Vit D
D. Decreased PTH production

A

B. Impaired phosphate excretion
C. Decrease production of active Vit D

21
Q

Which of the following is most important in CDK patients along with Vit D?
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Calcium
D. Magnesium

A

C. Calcium

22
Q

What illness is due largely to the accumulation of organic waste products that are normally cleared by the kidneys?

A

Uremia

23
Q

Identify the following for nephrotic syndrome:
-Onset
-Edema
-BP/Venous pressure
-Proteinuria
-Hematuria
-RBC casts
-Serum albumin

Explain the etiology

A

-Onset: Insidious
-Edema: High (++++)
-BP/Venous pressure: normal
-Proteinuria: High (++++)
-Hematuria: variable
-RBC casts: absent
-Serum albumin: low

High proteinuria leads to lower serum albumin which increases edema

24
Q

Identify the following for nephritic syndrome:
-Onset
-Edema
-BP/Venous pressure
-Proteinuria
-Hematuria
-RBC casts
-Serum albumin

Explain the etiology

A

-Onset: abrupt
-Edema: slight raise (++)
-BP/Venous pressure: Raised
-Proteinuria: slight raise (++)
-Hematuria: Raised (+++)
-RBC casts: Present
-Serum albumin: Normal/slight reduce

Increased RBC casts leading to hematuria

25
Q

What condition is inflammation of the glomeruli from Alport Syndrome, infections, drugs, and autoimmune disorders such as Lupus?
A. Pyelonephritis
B. Glomerulonephritis
C. Nephrolithiasis
D. Interstitial Nephritis

A

B. Glomerulonephritis

26
Q

What condition presents inflammation of kidney tissue with causes from bacteria from blood or urinary tract?
A. Pyelonephritis
B. Glomerulonephritis
C. Nephrolithiasis
D. Interstitial Nephritis

A

A. Pyelonephritis

27
Q

Which of the following is injury to renal tubules and interstitium? It is commonly undetected until decreases in renal function and primarily caused from drugs (antibiotics)
A. Pyelonephritis
B. Glomerulonephritis
C. Nephrolithiasis
D. Interstitial Nephritis

A

D. Interstitial Nephritis

28
Q

Which of the following arises from a supersaturation of solutes forming a crystallized structure?
A. Pyelonephritis
B. Glomerulonephritis
C. Nephrolithiasis
D. Interstitial Nephritis

A

C. Nephrolithiasis

29
Q

When may NSAIDs be appropriate in patients with acute heart failure and chronic kidney disease?

A

Never

Therapeutics II (9 decks)

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