Renal Pathology Flashcards
What is the cause of Nephrotic syndroem
Damage to the basement membrane that is essential to filtration of the blood
What is the cause of Nephritic syndrome
Infiltration of immune cells or prolifferation of messangial cells kleading to the destruction of capillaries and bleeding into the tubules
What are some common symptoms of nephrotic syndrome
Proteinuria, hypoalbumeamia, oedema and hyperlipidemia
What are some common symptoms of nephritic syndrome
Heamaturia, oligouria, azotemia and hypertension
What are some common patholgies of nephrotic syndrmome
Membranous nephropathy or Minnimal Change
What are some common patholgies of nephritic syndrmome
IgA nephropathy and Post-streptococcal IgG mediated damage
WHat are some common histoligical features of IgA nepropathy
Increased mesangial matrix and moderate segmental mesangial hypercellularity. There is mild focal tubular atrophy and mild interstitial inflammation and fibrosis. Focal mild hyalinosis of arterioles is noted.
WHat are some common histoligical features of membranous nepropathy
Non-sclerosed glomeruli exhibit uniform, diffuse thickening of the glomerular capillary walls.
A silver methenamine stain of the glomeruli shows prominent subepithelial “spikes” projecting from the capillary basement membrane. Also IgG and C3 deposits along the glomeruli basement membrane
What are some common pathology seen on a histologicaal slide of Bengin nephosclerosis
- Glomerulosclerosis
- Patchy tubular atrophy
- Intestinal chronic inflammation and fbrosis
- Hyalinised arterioles
What is seen in hydroneprosis
Blockage of the ureters that leads to increased pressure within the kidneys, this leads to enlarged caylces with secondar atrophy of the cortex
Wedge shaped kidney infarcts are more likely to be caused by?
Thrombi or emboli not renal artery stenosis
What are the three features of Acute pyleonephritis
PAtchy intersttual inflammation, aggregates of neutrophils, tubuar necrosis
Complications of Acute pyleonephritis
Papillary necrosis, pyonephrosis and abscess formation
One macroscopic feature of chronic pyleonephritis
Blunted calyx
What is the cause of polycystic kidneys
mutations in PCK1 and 2 which sense and regulate Calcium ions in the distal collecting tubule. If these proteins are mutated then this sensing becomes abnormal and signals for excessive cell growth, fluid excretion and abnormal ECM leading to cyst formation, interstitual fibrosis and glomeruli damage
