Repro 2 - Androgens

Question 1

Where does myosis and the creation of spermatozoa take place in the body?

Answer 1

Seminiferous tubules.

Question 2

What do Sertoli cells do And secrete? What hormone stimulates them?

Answer 2

Nature developing sperm cells providing nourishment to the spermatozoa And maintain the blood-testes barrier. They secrete antimullerian hormone, Inhibin, and ABP). Activated by follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). They are temperature sensitive.

Question 3

Who secretes ABP and what does it do?

Answer 3

Secreted by Sertoli cells, the Androgen-binding protein maintains the level of testosterone in the seminiferous tubules.

Question 4

What do Leydig cells do?

Answer 4

Secrete testosterone.

Question 5

What happens when there is failure of Meiosis 1 in men?

Answer 5

They accumulate primary spermatocytes.

Question 6

What is testosterone converted to by aromatase?

Answer 6

Estradiol.

Question 7

What is androstenedione converted to by aromatase?

Answer 7

Estrone.

Question 8

What can happen to LDL and HDL levels when testosterone is given?

Answer 8

LDL rises and HDL decreases.

Question 9

What is the mechanism of action of Flutamide? When do we use it?

Answer 9

Nonsteroidal competitive inhibitor at the testosterone receptor. We use it in prostate carcinoma.

Question 10

What is the mechanism of action of Spironolactone In reguards to androgens?

Answer 10

It inhibits steroid binding.

Question 11

In what hormonal pathology can we use ketoconazole or spironolactone?

Answer 11

PCOS.

Question 12

What is Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome?

Answer 12

A defect in androgen receptor. They are 46XY but phenotypically female. But rudimentary vagina; the lower portion of the vagina but since there is still the anti-mullerian hormone still around, it will not develop the paramesonephric ducts and not develop the upper portion of the vagina, uterus and fallopian tubes. Testes will often be found in the labia majora.

Question 13

What are the symptoms of 5-alpha-reductase deficiency?

Answer 13

Cannot turn testosterone into dihydrotestosterone. They have ambiguous genitalia during birth but development of genitalia at puberty.

Question 14

What are the causes of female pseudohermaphroditism?

Answer 14

Females are XX, have ovaries and ambiguous genitalia. It is caused by inappropriate androgen exposure during early gestation or congenital adrenal hyperplasia (21-beta-hydroxylase deficiency, or 11-beta-hydroxylase deficiency).

Question 15

What are the causes of male pseudohermaphroditism?

Answer 15

Androgen insensitivity syndrome.

Question 16

What is a true hermaphrodite?

Answer 16

Has both XY and XX chromosome. They also have both ovarian and testicular tissue. They have ambiguous genitalia.

Question 17

What would be a primary diagnosis when patient with abnormal or ambiguous genitalia has elevated testosterone and elevated luteinizing (LH) hormone?

Answer 17

Defective Androgen Receptor.

Question 18

What would be the levels of luteinizing (LH) hormone in someone with testosterone secreting tumor?

Answer 18

Low LH.

Question 19

What would be the levels of luteinizing (LH) hormone in someone with Primary Hypogonadism?

Answer 19

Low test. High LH.

Question 20

What would be the levels of luteinizing (LH) hormone in someone with Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism?

Answer 20

LH is low because you don’t have the stimulation, therefore test will be low as well.

Question 21

What is Kallmann syndrome?

Answer 21

Low GnRH, causing decreased FSH, LH, test. Also causes defect of olfactory bulb, causing anosmia. It is caused by a defect of an X-linked KAL chain. Suspected in females w/ primary amenorrhea.

Question 22

How does the dosing schedule of a GnRH agonist affect gonadotropin release?

Answer 22

If GnRH agonist is given continuously, then gonadotropin release will decrease. If given in a pulsatile fashion, it promotes normal gonadotropin release.