Repro tumors and path

Question 1

Follicular cyst

Answer 1

Distention of unruptured graafian follicle. May be associated with hyperestrogenism, endometrial hyperplasia. Most common ovarian mass in young women.

Question 2

Theca-lutein cyst

Answer 2

Often bilateral/multiple. Due to gonadotropin stimulation. Associated with choriocarcinoma and hydatidiform moles.

Question 3

Corpus Luteum cyst

Answer 3

hemorrhage into persistent corpus luteum. commonly regress spontaneously

Question 4

Hemorrhagic cyst

Answer 4

Blood vessel rupture in cyst wall. Cyst grows with inc blood retention usually self resolves.

Question 5

Dermoid cyst

Answer 5

Mature teratoma. Cystic growths filled with various types of tissue such as fat, hair, teeth, bits of bone, and cartilage.

Question 6

Endometrioid cyst

Answer 6

Endometriosis within ovary with cyst formation. Varies with menstrual cycle. When filled with dark, reddish-brown blood it is called a “chocolate cyst.”

Question 7

Serous cystadenoma

Answer 7

Most common ovarian neoplasm. Lined with fallopian tube–like epithelium. Often bilateral.

Question 8

Mucinous cystadenoma

Answer 8

Multiloculated, large. Lined by mucus-secreting epithelium

Question 9

Endometrioma

Answer 9

Endometriosis (ectopic endometrial tissue) within ovary with cyst formation. Presents with pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia; symptoms may vary with menstrual cycle. “Chocolate cyst”— endometrioma filled with dark, reddish-brown blood. Complex mass on ultrasound.

Question 10

Mature cystic teratoma

dermoid cyst

Answer 10

Germ cell tumor, most common ovarian tumor in women 20–30 years old. Cystic mass containing elements from all 3 germ layers (e.g., teeth, hair, sebum) B . Can present with pain 2° to ovarian enlargement or torsion. Can also contain functional thyroid tissue and present as hyperthyroidism (struma ovarii)

Question 11

Brenner tumor

Answer 11

Looks like bladder. Solid tumor that is pale yellow-tan and appears encapsulated. “Coffee bean” nuclei on H&E stain.

Question 12

Fibromas

Answer 12

Bundles of spindle-shaped fibroblasts. Meigs syndrome—triad of ovarian fibroma, ascites, hydrothorax. “Pulling” sensation in groin.

Question 13

Thecoma

Answer 13

Like granulosa cell tumors, may produce estrogen. Usually presents as abnormal uterine bleeding in a postmenopausal woman.

Question 14

struma ovarii

Answer 14

functional thyroid tissue and present as hyperthyroidism seen in monodermal teratomas or mature cystic teratoma.

Question 15

Meigs syndrome seen in

Answer 15

Fibromas

—triad of ovarian fibroma, ascites, hydrothorax.

Question 16

Immature teratoma

Answer 16

Aggressive, contains fetal tissue, neuroectoderm. Immature teratoma is most typically represented by immature/embryonic-like neural tissue. Mature teratoma are more likely to contain thyroid tissue.

Question 17

Granulosa cell tumor

Answer 17

Most common malignant stromal tumor. Predominantly women in their 50s. Often produces estrogen and/or progesterone and presents with abnormal uterine bleeding, sexual precocity (in pre-adolescents), breast tenderness. Histology shows Call-Exner bodies (granulosa cells arranged haphazardly around collections of eosinophilic fluid, resembling primordial follicles).

Question 18

Serous cystadenocarcinoma

Answer 18

Most common ovarian neoplasm, frequently bilateral. Psammoma bodies.

Question 19

Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

Answer 19

Pseudomyxoma peritonei–intraperitoneal accumulation of mucinous material from ovarian or appendiceal tumor.

Question 20

Dysgerminoma

Answer 20

Most common in adolescents. Equivalent to male seminoma but rarer. 1% of all ovarian tumors; 30% of germ cell tumors. Sheets of uniform “fried egg” cells D . hCG, LDH = tumor markers.

Question 21

Choriocarcinoma

Answer 21

Rare; can develop during or after pregnancy in mother or baby. Malignancy of trophoblastic tissue E(cytotrophoblasts, syncytiotrophoblasts); no chorionic villi present. increase frequency of bilateral/
multiple theca-lutein cysts. Presents with abnormal increase in

Question 22

Yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumor

Answer 22

Aggressive, in ovaries or testes (boys) and sacrococcygeal area in young children. Most common tumor in male infants. Yellow, friable (hemorrhagic), solid mass. 50% have Schiller-Duval bodies (resemble glomeruli) F . AFP = tumor marker.

Question 23

Krukenberg tumor

Answer 23

GI malignancy that metastasizes to ovaries, mucin-secreting signet cell adenocarcinoma.

Question 24

inc frequency of frequency of bilateral/

multiple theca-lutein cysts.

Answer 24

Choriocarcinoma

Question 25

INC AFP and a1 antitrypsin

Answer 25

Yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumor

Question 26

Schiller-Duval bodies seen in

Answer 26

Yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumor

Question 27

Call-Exner bodies seen in

Answer 27

Granulosa cell tumor

resemble primordial follicles with esop

Question 28

Seminoma

Answer 28

Malignant; painless, homogenous testicular enlargement; most common testicular tumor, most common in 3rd decade, never in infancy. Large cells in lobules with watery cytoplasm and “fried egg” appearance.

Question 29

Yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumor
male

Answer 29

Yellow, mucinous. Aggressive malignancy of testes, analogous to ovarian yolk sac tumor. Schiller- Duval bodies resemble primitive glomeruli. most common tumor in male infants less than 3

Question 30

Choriocarcinoma

Answer 30

Malignant increase hCG. Disordered syncytiotrophoblastic and cytotrophoblastic elements. Hematogenous metastases to lungs and brain (may present with “hemorrhagic stroke” due to bleeding into metastasis. May produce gynecomastia, symptoms of hyperthyroidism (hCG is structurally similar to LH, FSH, TSH).

Question 31

Teratoma male

Answer 31

Unlike in females, mature teratoma in adult males may be malignant. Benign in children.

Question 32

Embryonal carcinoma

Answer 32

Malignant, hemorrhagic mass with necrosis; painful; worse prognosis than seminoma. Often glandular/papillary morphology. “Pure” embryonal carcinoma is rare; most commonly mixed with other tumor types. May be associated with increased hCG and normal AFP levels when pure (

Question 33

most common tumor in male infants

Answer 33

Yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumor

Question 34

Hematogenous metastases to lungs and brain (may present with “hemorrhagic stroke” due to bleeding into metastasis.

Answer 34

Choriocarcinoma

Question 35

tumor May produce gynecomastia, symptoms of hyperthyroidism (hCG is structurally similar to LH, FSH, TSH)

Answer 35

Choriocarcinoma

Question 36

repro tumor that causes hyperthryroidism

Answer 36

Choriocarcinoma

mature teratoma aka struma ovarii

Question 37

Leydig cell

Answer 37

Contains Reinke crystals (eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions); usually produce androgens

Question 38

Sertoli cell

Answer 38

Androblastoma from sex cord stroma.

Question 39

Testicular lymphoma

Answer 39

Most common testicular cancer in older men. Not a 1° cancer; arises from metastatic lymphoma to testes. Aggressive.

Question 40

Most common testicular cancer in older men.

Answer 40

Testicular lymphoma

Question 41

Reinke crystals seen in

Answer 41

Leydig cell