Reproduction Flashcards
What are advantages of internal fertilisation?
Protection from external environment, requires few males
What are disadvantages of internal fertilisation?
Takes a toll on the body - risk to parent
What are advantages of external fertilisation?
No toll on the body, a large amount of gametes released at once
What are disadvantages of external fertilisation?
No protection from external environment, larger numbers of gametes requires to succesfully be fertilised
What are stolons?
Stems which grow horizontally above the ground becoming a separate individual
What are rhizomes?
Stems which grow horizontally below the ground becoming a separate individual
What are plant suckers?
Vertical growth originating from the root system or lower main stem of a plant in order to grow new branches
What is apomixis?
The production of plant offspring through special generative tissues (includes parthenogenesis)
What is the purpose of the anther
To form/disperse pollen grains depending on the method of reproduction
What is the purpose of the petal
To attract pollinators and facilitate access to particular pollinators
What is the purpose of the filament
To contain the anthers
What is the purpose of the stigma
To trap wind-borne pollen (in wind-pollinated plants)
What is the purpose of the style
To carry male gametes from the anther to the stigma
What are the 3 methods of seed dispersal
Animals, wind and self-dispersal
What are methods of reproduction in fungi?
- Spores: single-celled asexual reproductive units (no fertilisation required)
- Budding: a bud develops on the surface with the cytoplasm of the bud being continuous with that of the parent cell
