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Med Term > Reproductive > Flashcards

Reproductive Flashcards

1
Q

Fertilization

A

Union of the male and female gametes to form a zygote, leading to the development of a new individual

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2
Q

Gamete

A

Reproductive cell (spermatozoon in the male and ovum in the female)

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3
Q

Infertility

A

Persistent inability to conceive a child

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4
Q

Neonate

A

Infant from birth to 28 days of age

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5
Q

Ova

A

Female reproductive cells (plural of ovum)

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6
Q

Postpartum

A

Occurring after childbirth

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7
Q

Amni/o

A

Amnion (amniotic sac)

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8
Q

Cervic/o

A

Neck; cervix uteri (neck of uterus)

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9
Q

Colp/o

A

Vagina

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10
Q

Vagin/o

A

Vagina

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11
Q

Galact/o

A

Milk

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12
Q

Lact/o

A

Milk

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13
Q

Gynec/o

A

Woman, female

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14
Q

Hyster/o

A

Uterus (womb)

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15
Q

Uter/o

A

Uterus (womb)

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16
Q

Mamm/o

A

Breast

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17
Q

Mast/o

A

Breast

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18
Q

Men/o

A

Menses, menstruation

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19
Q

Metr/o

A

Uterus (womb); measure

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20
Q

Nat/o

A

Birth

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21
Q

Oophor/o

A

Ovary

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22
Q

Ovari/o

A

Ovary

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23
Q

Perine/o

A

Perineum

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24
Q

Salping/o

A

Tube (usually fallopian or eustachian [auditory] tubes)

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25
Q

Vulv/o

A

Vulva

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26
Q

Episi/o

A

Vulva

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27
Q

Andr/o

A

Male

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28
Q

Balan/o

A

Glans penis

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29
Q

Gonad/o

A

Gonads, sex glands

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30
Q

Olig/o

A

Scanty

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31
Q

Orch/o

A

Testis (plural, testes)

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32
Q

Orchi/o

A

Testis

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33
Q

Orchid/o

A

Testis

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34
Q

Test/o

A

Testis

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35
Q

Prostat/o

A

Prostate gland

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36
Q

Spermat/o

A

Spermatozoa, sperm cells

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37
Q

Sperm/i

A

Spermatozoa, sperm cells

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38
Q

Sperm/o

A

Spermatozoa, sperm cells

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39
Q

Varic/o

A

Dilated vein

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40
Q

Vas/o

A

Vessel; vas deferens; duct

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41
Q

Vesicul/o

A

Seminal vesicle

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42
Q

-arche

A

Beginning

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43
Q

-cyesis

A

Pregnancy

44
Q

-gravida

A

Pregnant woman

45
Q

-para

A

To bear (offspring)

46
Q

-salpinx

A

Tube (usually fallopian or eustachian [auditory] tubes)

47
Q

-tocia

A

Childbirth, labor

48
Q

Retro-

A

Backward, behind

49
Q

Abortion

A

Termination of pregnancy by removal or expulsion of an embryo may r fetus before it can survive outside the uterus

50
Q

Spontaneous abortion

A

Abortion that is an unplanned loss of pregnancy, also called a miscarriage

51
Q

Therapeutic

A

Abortion that is induced to end a pregnancy because the woman’s health is endangered or for some other personal reason

52
Q

Candidiasis

A

Vagina fungal infection caused by Candida Albicans and characterized by a curdy or cheeselike discharge and extreme itching

53
Q

Cervicitis

A

Inflammation of the uterine cervix, which is usually the result of infection or a sexually transmitted infection

54
Q

Down syndrome

A

Congenital disorder caused by an extra chromosome 21, which causes intellectual impairment and physical abnormalities. Most frequently occurs in children born to a mother older than 35; also called trisomy 21

55
Q

Ectopic pregnancy

A

Implantation of the fertilized ovum outside the uterine cavity, most commonly in a fallopian tube; the fetus is not viable, and salpingectomy is performed to remove both the embryo and fallopian tube

56
Q

Endometriosis

A

Presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity, such as the pelvis or abdomen

57
Q

Fibroid

A

Benign neoplasm in the uterus that is composed largely of fibrous tissue; also called leiomyoma

58
Q

Fistula

A

Abnormal tunnel connecting two body cavities, such as the rectum and vagina, caused by an injury, infection, or inflammation

59
Q

Vesicovaginal fistula

A

Abnormal duct between the bladder and vagina that results in severe urine loss from the vagina

60
Q

Gestational hypertension

A

Potentially life-threatening condition of high blood pressure; usually develops after the 20th week or pregnancy and is characterized by edema and proteinuria

61
Q

Preeclampsia

A

Nonconvulsive form of gestational hypertension that, if left untreated, may progress to eclampsia

62
Q

Eclampsia

A

Convulsive form of gestational hypertension that is a medical emergency and life threatening to the mother, baby, or both

63
Q

Sterility

A

Inability of a woman to become pregnant or for a man to impregnate a woman

64
Q

Toxic shock syndrome

A

Rare, sometimes fatal, staphylococcal infection that generally occurs in menstruating women, most of whom use vaginal tampons

65
Q

Anorchism

A

Congenital absence of one of both testes; also called anorchia

66
Q

Balanitis

A

Inflammation of the skin covering the glans penis caused by irritation and invasion or microorganisms and commonly associated with inadequate hygiene of the prepuce and phimosis

67
Q

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

Gradual enlargement of the prostate gland that normal occurs as a man ages and is common in men older than age 60

68
Q

Cryptorchidism

A

Failure of one or both testicles to descend into the scrotum

69
Q

Epispadias

A

Congenital defect in which the urethra opens on the upper side of the penis near the glans penis instead of the tip

70
Q

Hypospadias

A

Congenital defect in which the male urethra opens in the under surface of the penis instead of the tip

71
Q

Impotence

A

Inability of a man to achieve or maintain a penile erection; also called ED

72
Q

Phimosis

A

Stenosis or narrowing of the preputial orifice so that the foreskin cannot be pushed back over the glans penis

73
Q

Sexually transmitted infections (STI)

A

Any disease affecting the male or female reproductive system that is acquired as a result of sexual intercourse or other intimate contact with an infected individual; also called venereal disease

74
Q

Chlamydia

A

One of the most damaging STIs caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis, causing cervicitis in women and urethritis in men

75
Q

Genital warts

A

Watts in the genitalia caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) and possibly associated with cervical cancer in women

76
Q

Gonorrhea

A

Contagious STI caused by the bacterium Neisseria Gonorrhoeae and most commonly affecting the genitourinary tract and occasionally the pharynx or the rectum

77
Q

Herpes genitalis

A

Infection with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) of the male or female genital and anorectal skin and mucosa that may be transmitted through the placenta to the fetus during delivery

78
Q

Syphilis

A

Infectious, chronic STI characterized by a skin lesion (chancre) typically on the genitals, rectum, or mouth which may cause long term complication including death if left untreated

79
Q

Trichomoniasis

A

Protozoal infestation of the vagina urethra or prostrate and the most common STI affecting men and women although symptoms are most common in women

80
Q

Colposcopy

A

Examination of the vagina and cervix with an optical magnifying instrument (colposcope)

81
Q

Hysterosalpingography

A

Radiography if the uterus and oviducts after injection of a contrast medium

82
Q

Laparoscopy

A

Visual examination of the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope through one or more small incisions in the abdominal wall, usually at the umbillicus

83
Q

Mammography

A

Radiography of the breasts used to diagnoses benign and malignant tumors

84
Q

Papanicolaou (pap) test

A

Microscopic analysis of a small tissue sample obtained from the cervix and vagina by using a swab to detect carcinoma

85
Q

Digital recital examination (DRE)

A

Examination of the prostate gland by finger palpating through the anal canal and the rectum

86
Q

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test

A

Blood test used to screen from prostate cancer in which elevated levels of PSA are associated with prostate enlargement and cancer

87
Q

Transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) and biopsy of the prostate

A

An ultrasound probe is inserted into the rectum to obtain an image of the prostate gland and collect multiple needle biopsy specimens of the prostate gland tissues where abnormalities are detected

88
Q

Cerclage

A

Obstetric procedure in which a non absorbable suture is used for holding the cervix closed to prevent spontaneous abortion in a woman who has an incompetent cervix

89
Q

Dilation and curettage (D&C)

A

Surgical procedure that widens the cervix am canal of the uterus (dilation) so that the endometrium of the uterus can be scraped (curettage) to stop prolonged or heavy uterine bleeding, diagnose uterine abnormalities, and obtain tissue for microscopic examination

90
Q

Hysterosalpingo-oophorectomy

A

Surgical removal of the uterus, a fallopian tube, and an ovary

91
Q

Lumpectomy

A

Excision of a small primary breast tumor (lump) and some of the normal tissue that surrounds it

92
Q

Mastectomy

A

Complete or partial excision of one or both breasts, most commonly performed to remove a malignant tumor

93
Q

Modified radical mastectomy

A

Mastectomy that involves excision of an entire breast, including lymph nodes in the underarm (axillary dissection)

94
Q

Radical mastectomy

A

Mastectomy that involves excision of an entire breast, all underarm lymph nodes, and chest wall muscles under the breast

95
Q

Total mastectomy

A

Mastectomy that involves excision of an entire breast, nipple, areola, and the involved overlying skin; also called simply mastectomy

96
Q

Reconstructive breast surgery

A

Reconstruction of a breast that has been removed because of cancer or other disease; commonly possibly immediately after mastectomy, so the patient awakens from anesthesia with a breast mound already in place

97
Q

Tissue (skin) expansion

A

Common breast reconstruction technique in which a balloon expander is inserted beneath the skin and chest muscle, saline solution is gradually injected to increase size, and the expander is replaced with a more permanent implant

98
Q

Transverse rectus abdominis muscle (TRAM) flap

A

Surgical creation of a skin flap (using skin and fat from the lower half of the abdomen), which is passed under the skin to the breast area, shaped into a natural looking breast, And sutured into place

99
Q

Tubal ligation

A

Sterilization procedure that involves blocking both fallopian tubes by cutting or burning them and tying them off

100
Q

Circumcision

A

Surgical removal of the foreskin or prepuce of the penis, usually performed on a male infant

101
Q

Transurethral resection of the prostrate (TURP)

A

Surgical procedure to relieve obstruction caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (excessive overgrowth of normal tissue) by insertion of a resectoscope to not the penis and through the Urethra to “chip away” at prostatic tissue and flush out chips using an irrigation solution

102
Q

Antifungals

A

Treat vaginal fungal infection, like candidiasis

103
Q

Estrogens

A

Treat symptoms of menopause (hot flashes, vaginal dryness) through hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

104
Q

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

A

Synthetic hormone used to correct deficiency of estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, or testosterone hormone; relieve symptoms of menopause and prevent osteoporosis in women

105
Q

Oral contraceptives

A

Prevent ovulation to avoid pregnancy; also known as birth control pills

106
Q

Gonadotropins

A

Hormonal preparation use to increase speed count in cases of infertility

107
Q

Spermicides

A

Method of birth control; destroy sperm by creating a highly acidic environment in the uterus

Med Term (11 decks)

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