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Y2 Endocrine > Reproductive Disorders > Flashcards

Reproductive Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

define oligomenorrhoea

A

less than 9 periods a year

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2
Q

define primary amenorrhoea

A

no menarche by age 16

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3
Q

define secondary amenorrhoea

A

haven’t had a period in 6 months

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4
Q

when should progresterone be measured when assessing ovulation

A

midluteal

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5
Q

when should LH by measured when assessing ovulation

A

day 2 - 5 of ovulation cycle

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6
Q

define infertility

A

12 months regular unprotected sex and not pregnant

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7
Q

what organs are dysfunctioning in secondary hypogonadism

A

pituitary or hypothalamus

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8
Q

what organs are dysfunctioning in primary hypogonadism

A

gonads (ovaries or testis)

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9
Q

what does hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism mean

A

secondary hypogonadism causing with low gonadotrophins

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10
Q

what are the gonadotrophins

A

LSH and FSH

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11
Q

what does hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism mean

A

increased LSH and FSH due to negative feedback in primary hypogonadism

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12
Q

is Turner’s syndrome primary or secondary hypogondasm

A

primary hypogonadism

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13
Q

is Klinefelter’s syndrome primary or secondary hypogonadism

A

primary

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14
Q

is Kallman’s syndrome primary or secondary hypogonadism

A

secondary (pituitary dysfunction)

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15
Q

pathology of endometriosis

A

chocolate cysts in uterine cavity

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16
Q

endometriosis causes infertility. true or false

A

true, it can cause sometimes infertility

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17
Q

endometriosis is asymtomatic. true or false

A

false, it can sometimes be asymtomatic

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18
Q

classical presentation of endometriosis

A

heavy frequent periods with abdo pain and subfertility

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19
Q

turner’s syndrome alway’s causes infertility. true or false

A

false, only sometimes

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20
Q

turner’s syndrome is associated with hyperthyroidism. true or false.

A

false, associated with hypothyroidism

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21
Q

what is the genetic abnormality in turner’s syndrome

A

female with only 1 X chromosome; X0

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22
Q

what is PID

A

pelvic inflammatory disease, STI blocking uterine tube

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23
Q

which sex is affected by Klinefelter’s syndome

A

males

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24
Q

Klinefelter’s causes infertility. true or false

A

yes

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25
Q

what is the genetic abnormality in klinefelter’s syndrome

A

47XXY

26
Q

are LH and FSH increased or decreased in klinefelter’s syndrome

A

increased (since no negative feedback)

27
Q

is testosterone increased or decreased in klinefelter’s syndrome

A

decreased

28
Q

is estrogen increased or decreased in klinefelter’s syndrome

A

increased

29
Q

can men with klinefelter’s syndrome produce sperm

A

no

30
Q

when is ultrasound indicated for investigations of female infertility

A

if abnormality on examination

31
Q

what test is done for investigations of invertility to look for genetic syndromes

A

karyotyping

32
Q

first blood test for investigating infertility in a woman

A

HCG for pregnancy

33
Q

first investigations for infertility in a male

A

semen analysis

34
Q

why are males with cystic fibrosis infertile

A

no vas D

35
Q

does primary ovarian failure cause primary or secondary hypogonadism

A

primary

36
Q

does congenital adrenal hyperplasia cause hypogonadotrophic or hypergonadotrophic hypergonadism

A

hypogonadotrophic

37
Q

iatrogenic cause of primary hypogonadism

A

radiotherapy or chemotherapy

38
Q

are LH and FSH elevated or reduced in primary hypogonadism

A

elevated

39
Q

are LH and FSH elevated or reduced in secondary hypogonadism

A

reduced

40
Q

does polycystic ovarian syndrome cause primary or secondary hypogonadism

A

primary

41
Q

what pathologies affecting the pituitary can cause hypogonadism

A

prolactinoma or hypopituitarism

42
Q

what pathology affecting the hypothalamus can cause hypogonadism

A

functional hypothalamic e.g. stress, exercise, nutrition

43
Q

1st investigation a male with hypogonadism

A

9am testosterone

44
Q

management of hypogonaidsm in a male under 50 years old

A

replace testosterone

45
Q

management of hypogonadism in a male over 50 years old

A

nothing

46
Q

condition associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome

A

non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

47
Q

patients with PCOS are often underweight. true or false

A

false. normally obese

48
Q

how can PCOS affect the skin

A

acne, alopecia, hirsutism, acanthosis nigricans

49
Q

PCOS causes anovulation. true or false

A

only 2/3 of patients have oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea

50
Q

PCOS is the commonest cause of anovulatory infertility. T or F

A

true

51
Q

imaging for PCOS

A

US

52
Q

blood test to help diagnosis PCOS

A

LH FSH ratio (>2)

53
Q

management of PCOS to induce ovulation

A

metformin + clomiphene citrate

54
Q

management of PCOS to decrease androgena

A

oral contraceptive, cyproterone acetate

55
Q

what age is defined as premature ovarian failure

A

less than 40

56
Q

how does lack of estrogen, as in premature ovarian failure, effect the vagina

A

atrophic vaginitis

57
Q

classical presentation of premature ovarian failure

A

hot flush, night sweats, amenorrhoea

58
Q

are LH and FSH increased or decreased in premature ovarian failure

A

increased

59
Q

is estradiol increased or decreased in premature ovarian failure

A

decreased

60
Q

how can premature ovarian failure affect the musculoskeletal system

A

osteoporosis

61
Q

commonest cause of hirsutism

A

PCOS

Y2 Endocrine (10 decks)

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