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A&P 1 > Reproductive System > Flashcards

Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

organ system that functions to produce offspring

A

reproductive system

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2
Q

parts or organs that correspond in embryonic origin and structure but not necessarily in function

A

homologous structures

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3
Q

the gonads - testis of the male and ovary of the female

A

primary sex organs

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4
Q

sex or germ cell, males produce sperm and females produce ova (eggs)

A

gametes

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5
Q

play vital role in the development and function of the reproductive organs and in sexual behavior and drives - testosterone in males and estrogen/progesterone in females

A

sex hormones

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6
Q

the remaining reproductive structures - ducts, glands, and external genitalia

A

accessory reproductive organs

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7
Q

released from the hypothalamus, indirectly stimulates the testes or ovaries via its effect on FSH and LH release, reaches the anterior pituitary cells via the hypophyseal portal system

A

gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH)

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8
Q

where the production of sex hormones and gametes is

A

hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis

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9
Q

gonadotrophins released from the anterior pituitary, act on specific cells in the gonads where they stimulate gamete production and sex hormone secretion

A

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)

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10
Q

released from the gonads in both males and females
peptide hormone that exerts negative feedback, only on FSH release from the anterior pituitary

A

inhibin

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11
Q

the period of life when the reproductive organs grow to adult size and become functional

A

puberty

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12
Q
A

sister chromatids

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13
Q
A

homologous chromosomes

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14
Q

not identical to each other because one is paternal and the other is maternal

A

non-sister chromatids

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15
Q

the normal number of chromosomes in most body cells
consists of two sets of chromosomes

A

diploid chromosomal number

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16
Q

the number of chromosomes in a gamete
in humans, this number is 23

A

haploid chromosomal number

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17
Q

during meiosis I, homologous pairs of chromosomes separate from each other, reducing the number of chromosomes from 2n to n

A

reduction division of meiosis

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18
Q

each daughter cell gets an equal share of chromosomes

A

equational division of meiosis

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19
Q

pairing of homologous chromosomes during the first meiotic division

A

synapsis

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20
Q

small group of four chromatids

A

tetrads

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21
Q

the X-shaped structure formed at the point below the brain where the two optic nerves cross over each other

A

chiasmata

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22
Q

occurs in prophase I
allows the paired maternal and paternal chromosomes to exchange genetic material

A

crossing over

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23
Q

the sperm-producing male gonads
lie within the scrotum

A

testes

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24
Q

epididymis -> ductus deferens -> ejaculatory duct -> urethra

A

delivery of sperm

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25
Q

a sac of skin and superficial fascia that hangs outside the abdominopelvic cavity at the root of the penis

A

scrotum

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26
Q

a layer of smooth muscle in the superficial fascia, wrinkles the scrotal skin

A

dartos muscle

27
Q

bands of skeletal muscle that arise from the internal oblique muscles of the trunk, elevates the testes

A

cremaster muscle

28
Q

derived from an out-pocketing of the peritoneum

A

tunica vaginalis

29
Q

“white coat”
the fibrous capsule of the testis

A

tunica ablunginea

30
Q

highly convoluted tubes within the testes
form sperm

A

seminiferous tubules

31
Q

structures in the testicle connecting the convoluted region of the seminiferous tubules to the rete testis

A

straight tubule

32
Q

a tubular network on the posterior side of the testis

A

rete testis

33
Q

branch from the abdominal aorta superior to the pelvis
supply the testes

A

testicular arteries

34
Q

carries deoxygenated blood from its corresponding testis to the inferior vena cava
drain the testes

A

testicular veins

35
Q

surrounds the portion of each testicular artery within the scrotum like a climbing vine

A

pampiniform venous plexus

36
Q

a bundle of nerves, ducts, and blood vessels connecting the testicles to the abdominal cavity

A

spermatic cord

37
Q

the epididymis, ducts deferens, ejaculatory duct, and urethra

A

accessory ducts

38
Q

where sperm mature
comma-shaped organ that arches over the posterior and lateral side of the testis

A

epididymis

39
Q

a highly coiled duct that completes the head and forms all of the body and tail of this organ

A

duct of the epididymis

40
Q

transports sperm during ejaculation
runs upward through the inguinal canal into the pelvic cavity

A

ductus deferens

41
Q

a localized dilation of a canal or duct

A

ampulla

42
Q
A

ejaculatory duct

43
Q

when a physician makes a small incision into the scrotum and then cuts through and ligates (ties off) or cauterizes each ductus deferens

A

vasectomy

44
Q

the terminal portion of the male duct system
remnants of urine can be found in this

A

urethra

45
Q

a copulatory organ that delivers sperm into the female reproductive tract

A

penis

46
Q

made up of the penis and scrotum, which hangs suspended from the perineum

A

external genitalia

47
Q

the head or tip of the penis

A

glans penis

48
Q

the skin covering the penis, that is loose and extends distally around the glans to form a cuff

A

prepuce (foreskin)

49
Q

a mass of erectile tissue alongside the corpora cavernosa of the penis and terminating in the glans

A

corpus spongiosum

50
Q

the bottom portion, or base, of the penis

A

bulb of the penis

51
Q

paired dorsal erectile bodies
one of two columns of spongy tissue that runs through the shaft (body) of the penis
contains blood vessels that fill with blood to help make an erection

A

corpus cavernosa

52
Q

each is surrounded by an ischiocavernous muscle and anchors to the pubic arch of the bony pelvis

A

crura of the penis

53
Q

suspends the scrotum
contains the root of the penis and anus
diamond-shaped region located between the public symphysis anteriorly, the coccyx posteriorly, and the ischial tuberosities laterally

A

perineum

54
Q

sacs about 2 inches long that are located behind your bladder but in front of your rectum
involved in fertility

A

seminal glands (seminal vesicle)

55
Q

a single doughnut-shaped gland about the size of a peach pit
encircles the urethra just inferior to the bladder

A

prostate

56
Q

include the paired seminal glands and bulbo-urethral glands, and single prostate

A

accessory glands

57
Q

located inferior to the prostate in the urogenital diaphragm
produce a thick, clear mucus – drains into the spongy urethra where it neutralizes traces of acidic urine and lubricates the glans penis when a man becomes sexually excited

A

bulbo-urethral glands

58
Q

a milky-white, somewhat sticky mixture of accessory gland secretions and sperm

A

semen

59
Q

why is it deleterious to take steroid supplements?

A

shuts off natural levels of testosterone
causes decrease in sperm count
causes liver damage

60
Q

where does fertilization take place?

A

ampulla

61
Q

how is oogenesis different from spermatogenesis?

A

only one functional gamete
only 23 chromosomes in egg

62
Q

a drug that reminds the pituitary to produce gonadotrophins (GnRH) may be useful as a ___

A

fertility drug

63
Q

if a women’s level of FSH are consistently high, what does that mean?

A

low estrogen levels

A&P 1 (1 decks)

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