Reproductive System Flashcards
Male reproductive system
Mnemonic: SEVEN UP.
Seminiferous tubules → Epidydimis → Vas deferens → Ejaculatory duct → nothing → Urethra → Penis
Male reproductive system
Sperm is produced in the seminiferous tubules and is nourished by Sertoli cells, which are stimulated by FSH
Spermatogenesis
Male reproductive system
Where sperm mature and gain motility
Epididymis
Male reproductive system
Transport sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory ducts.
Vas deferens
Male reproductive system
Produces seminal fluid, which is alkaline and neutralizes the acidic female reproductive environment.
Prostate gland
Male reproductive system
Produces viscous fluid that clears out and lubricates urethra.
Bulbourethral gland
Stages of Oogenesis – differentiation of the ovum (egg cell) into a cell competent to further develop when fertilized.
Oogenesis
Divides into two primary oocytes during the time before birth. This first step occurs by mitosis
Oogonium
Remain arrested at birth in prophase I until menstrual cycle of puberty. After completing meiosis I, one daughter cell becomes polar body and the other a secondary oocyte. This step marks the transition from diploid to haploid.
primary oocyte
Houses the primary oocyte. Growth and maturation is stimulated by FSH.
primary follicle
Begins meiosis II and arrests at metaphase II. Then finishes meiosis II after fertilization. End products after fertilization are fertilized egg and second polar body.
secondary oocyte
Ovulation results in rupture of the follicle, with the remnant becoming the — which secretes estrogen and progesterone.
Corpus luteum
Sperm structure
The tip is an acrosome which contains lysozymes that aid with penetrating the egg.
Head
Sperm structure
Filled with mitochondria to power the sperm.
Midpiece
Provides the motility function of the sperm through a flagellum.
Tail
Spermatogenesis vs oogenesis timing, gamete release, and meiotic divisions
Menstrual cycle
The follicle grows and matures, secreting estradiol. Estrogen slowly rises, causing negative feedback to FSH and LH until a certain threshold is reached.
Follicular phase
Menstrual cycle
A surge in estrogen leads to a LH surge which induces ovulation.
ovulation
Menstrual cycle
The ruptured follicle forms the corpus luteum. Estrogen establishes and progesterone maintains the uterine lining.
Luteal phase
Menstrual cycle
The endometrium sheds, resulting in menses. This is stopped by estradiol from the follicle.
Menstruation
