Research ethics

Question 1

This law requires each institution that accepts research funding from the Department of Health and Human Services to set up a review committee, to evaluate proposed studies before they are even conducted

Answer 1

institutional review board or IRB

Question 2

The IRB must determine whether any risk to the individuals are outweighed by potential benefits or the importance of the knowledge to be gained.

Answer 2

risk/benefit analysis

Question 3

I _ _ _ _ _ _ d c_ _ _ _ _ t means that the subject agrees to participate after having been fully informed about the nature of the study

Answer 3

Informed consent

Question 4

Whenever the subject is a minor or is cognitively impaired, researchers need to obtain consent from a parent or legal guardian. The a _ _ _ _ t or agreement of minor children ages 7 and above is usually a requirement of their participation.

Answer 4

Assent

Question 5

In 1979, the U.S Department of Health, Education, and Welfare issued the B_ _ _ _ _ t R_ _ _ _ t, a statement of government policy on research involving human subjects.

Answer 5

Belmont Report

Question 6

The Belmont Report contains three basic ethical principles:

Answer 6

• Respect for persons,
• Beneficence
• Justice

Question 7

maintain that every human being is an autonomous person with the right to make his or her own decision about research.

Answer 7

Respect for persons

Question 8

refers to an obligation to minimize risk of harm and maximize possible benefits to individuals.

Answer 8

Beneficence

Question 9

refers to fairness in both the burdens and benefits of research

Answer 9

Justice

Question 10

Fully informed consent is required from all participants who are at risk because of the nature of the research. In some cases, participants are considered to be at m _ _ _ _ l r _ k.

Answer 10

minimal risk

Question 11

Sometimes a small omission, or outright d_ _ _ _ _ _ _ n, is necessary to make an appropriate test of the experimental hypothesis. It must not influence a subject’s decision to take part in the research-any deception that is used must be such that subjects would not refuse to participate if they knew what was really happening

Answer 11

Deception

Question 12

refers to a circumstance done by researchers by doing a full disclosure or explaining the true nature and purpose of the study

Answer 12

Debriefing

Question 13

the humane care and treatment of animals

Answer 13

Animal welfare

Question 14

Institutions engaged in animal research must have a review board, called IACUC, to evaluate animal research before it can be conducted

Answer 14

institutional animal care and use committee (IACUC)

Question 15

the idea that all sensate species, particularly those that feel pain, are of equal value and have equal rights.

Answer 15

Animal rights

Question 16

an important part of the reporting process. The reviewers’ task is to assess the merit of a submission; reviewers go over each submission with a finetooth comb, looking for problems and suggesting improvements.

Answer 16

Peer review