Research Ethics Flashcards
What are expectations of researchers?
Conduct studies not providing misleading info
Care for participants
Only use procedures trained to do
What is a risk benefit analysis?
Subjective judgement of benefits relative to the risks to participants
What is a risk?
Probability of harm and magnitude of possible harm
What are potential risks to participants?
Discomfort, stress, privacy, social standing, threats to values, links to family and friends
What are issues with consent?
May not not understand the implications
What are issues with deception?
Must avoid deceiving people on nature of research
Do the ends justify the means
May feel coerced to have acted against will
Not chosen to participate if fully informed
Damage to self esteem - guilt, ashamed
Loss of control
Forced to have unwanted knowledge of self
What are the goals of debriefing?
Repair breach of informed consent
Remove any confusion/ defuse tensions
Repair breech of trust
Important especially if deception involved - leave in same state
What is withdrawal?
Told they can stop whenever
Also have opportunity to withdraw their data
What is confidentiality?
Right to expect any information given to be treated confidentially and that identities will not be revealed unless consent given
What are limits to confidentiality?
Safety of participant/ others endangered by behavior
Welfare and safety of vulnerable pop
Criminal activity
Past victim of abuse unwilling to report
How should observational research be conducted?
Research findings should be confidential
Only take place in situations you expect to be seen
What is coercion?
People doing what they normally wouldn’t want to do
Often for reward
Cannot be coercive - give high reward for greater risk than people want
How should animals be treated in research?
Treated humanely
Must have knowledgeable in animal care supervise study
All efforts to minimise pain and suffering
If life to be terminated, done humanely
How should research be reported?
Obligated to report results
Unethical to falsify
Peer-review journal submissions
Correct error in published pieces
Unethical to plagiarise or present same work twice
