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Psychology > Research Methods > Flashcards

Research Methods Flashcards

1
Q

What is the last step of content anaysis in research?

A
  • Compare before and after
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2
Q

What is thematic analysis

A
  • Alternative to content analysis, converts qualitative data into quantitative data
  • Transcribe data and review repeatedly so researcher can identify trends
  • Themes identified are re-analysed so they become more refunded and relevant and given short hand codes
  • Researcher can annotate the transcripts with the codes identified
  • The themes identified can be used to support existing theories.
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3
Q

How to write a consent form

A
  1. Explain the purpose of the study
  2. State the length required of the p’s
  3. State what the study involves, if they will be isolated..
  4. Details about variables being measured
  5. Right to withdraw
  6. Reassure p’s about protection from harm
  7. If there is a requirement to take psychological tests inform them
  8. Reassurance about confidentiality of the data
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4
Q

What is face validty

A
  • Simple way of assessing whether to not something measures what it claims to measure
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5
Q

What is an empirical method?

A
  • Involves the use of objective, quantitative observation in a controlled, replicable situation to test a theory
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6
Q

How to write a directional hypothesis

A
  • States the direction of the difference or relationship
  • Boys will have more aggression than girls
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7
Q

How to write a non-directional hypothesis

A
  • Just states there will be a difference
  • There will be a difference of aggression levels between boys and girls
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8
Q

What is the DV?

A
  • The variable that the researcher measures
  • It’s the variable that is affected by the manipulation of the IV
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9
Q

What is counterbalancing?

A
  • Technique used to deal with order effects when using RMD
  • Participant sample is divided in half
  • Group 1 completes condition A first then condition B
  • Group 2 completes condition B first then condition A
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10
Q

What is concurrent validity

A
  • Comparing a new test with an existing test to see if they produce similar results
  • If both tests produced similar results then the new test is said to have concurrent validity.
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11
Q

What is the IV?-

A
  • The variable that the researcher manipulates and is assumed to have a direct effect on the DV
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12
Q

Levels of measurement

A
  • Nominal, ordinal, interval or ratio
  • Nominal is simplest level of measurement (frequency count data)
  • Ordinal is second level of measurement (scores in rank)
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13
Q

What are the 3 measures of central tendency?

A
  • Mean, median and mode
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14
Q

In what case would you use the mean?

A
  • When there are no outliers in the data results so results wont be skewed.
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15
Q

What is a paradigm?

A
  • Consists of the basic assumptions, ways of thinking and methods of study that are commonly accepted by members of a discipline group
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16
Q

What is a paradigm shift?

A
  • Change from one way of thinking to another ‘scientific revolution’
17
Q

Explain why the researcher used a controlled observation and a standardised script in this study?

A
  • Standardised script ensures high control over variable
  • Ensures the same greeting is given to p’s involved
  • Controlled observation reduces extraneous variables which may impact behaviour and affect the validity of the study
18
Q

Identity one limitation of controlled observations

A
  • Lacks ecological validity
  • P’s may suffer from demand characteristics
19
Q

Describe how the observers could use time sampling to record the social behaviour of each child using 5 min period (applies to all q’s similar)

A
  • Record child’s behaviour at set time intervals during 5 min period, for example every 20 seconds
  • At the specific time intervals, mark categories from behavioural checklist according to the behaviour exhibited by the child, for example if the child is smiling the observer should tick ‘smiling at another child’
  • Behaviours observed in between the time sampling frames should be ignored and not recorded.
20
Q

Explain one strength and one limitation of using time sampling

A

Strength = easier to manage as there are likely to be many behaviours occurring throughout set observation time or most appropriate for recording ongoing behaviours that are likely to occur in a social setting

Weakness - some behaviours may be missed when observers are recording behaviours

21
Q

What correlation can be accepted as a reasonable degree of reliability in inter-observer reliability?

A

+0.8

22
Q

Explain one reason why collecting quantitate data could reduce the validity of a study

A
  • May lose detail so more important contextual information is missing
23
Q

This study was written up as a scientific report.
Describe features of the abstract in a scientific report

A
  • it is the first section of a report
  • usually a brief summary of 100-300 words
  • it contains a summary of the aims, methods, results and conclusions
24
Q

Outline what is meant by peer review

A
  • The process by which psychological research papers, before publication, are subjected to independent scrutiny by other psychologists working in similar fields who consider research in terms of validity, significance and originality.
25
Q

Explain why peer review is important

A
  • Provides a way of checking validity of research
  • Makes a judgment about the credibility of the research
  • Peers are able to judge importance of research in wider context
  • Can make a recommendation as to whether research paper should be published in its original form
26
Q

Explain what is meant by replicability. Why is it an important feature of science?

A
  • The ability to repeat the method to assess if similar findings are achieved
  • Scientific method involves defining an issue and formulating a hypothesis tested with empirical research
  • If we wish to draw conclusions from research studies, the procedure should be replicable

Psychology (10 decks)

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