Resistive Exercise (EXAM 1) Flashcards
1
Q
Isometrics
A
- No movement (0 degrees/second)
- Immovable fixed resistance
2
Q
Isotonics
A
- Variable speed (approx. 60 degrees/second)
- Fixed resistance (moveable)
3
Q
Isokinetics
A
- Fixed speed (0-450o/second)
- Accommodating resistance
4
Q
Closed Kinetic Chain
A
- Variable speed; fixed resistance
- End segment is not free
5
Q
Advantages of Isometric Exercise
A
- Retards muscle atrophy (Does not prevent muscle atrophy)
- Minimal joint irritation
- Assists in decreasing swelling
- Maintains neural association
- Increases static muscle strength
- Easy, simply, no equipment necessary
- Applicable early in rehabilitation
6
Q
Disadvantages of Isometric Exercise
A
- Boring, tedious
- Angle specific - approx 20 degree overflow
- Not effective for dynamic strength or endurance improvement
7
Q
Concentric Contraction
A
- Involves a shortening muscle contraction where a muscle’s origin and insertion approximate
- Accelerator
8
Q
Eccentric Contraction
A
- Involves a lengthening muscle contraction where a muscle’s origin and insertion separate
- Decelerator or Controller
9
Q
Advantages of Isotonic Exercise
A
- Functional
- Can be used early and late in rehab
- Can be inexpensive and available
- Patient motivation is easy
- Has concentric/eccentric component
- Can improve strength and endurance
- Objective
- Improves neurophysiological system
10
Q
Disadvantages of Isotonic Exercise
A
- Loads muscle at its weakest point in ROM
- Safety
- Can be traumatic (synovitis)
- Momentum factor (they can cheat with this)
- Does not allow rapid force generation
- Only slow speed strength gains?
- Fatigue cause compromise in ROM
- Soreness from connective tissue & contractile element microtrauma
11
Q
Advantages of Isokinetic Exercise
A
- Efficiency - provides maximal resistance throughout the ROM
- Inherent safety factor - never more resistance than can be handled will be met
- Accommodating resistance-the force arm will never push back on you harder than you push on it
- Minimal post-exercise soreness
- Reliability of equipment established for most units
- Objective documentation
- Provides feedback to patient
- Provides objective supervision of submaximal and maximal intensity exercises
12
Q
Disadvantages of Isokinetic Exercise
A
- Cost and convenience
- Clinical experience and expertise
- Equipment availability
- Time-consuming set-ups
- Not functional
a. Does not account for acceleration and deceleration
b. No human movement relies on maximal effort reciprocal concentric contractions - Misinterpretation of findings
a. Common mistake of equating slow twitch and fast twitch fiber capability with speed of testing
b. Interpreting power from high speed test results (doing well at high speed doesn’t mean high power)
c. Equating isokinetic results with functional ability - Axis of rotation is in a single plane - the more incongruent the axes, the greater the source of error (ankle and shoulder)
13
Q
Advantages of Closed Kinetic Chain Exercise
A
- The axis of motion with CKC exercise allows motion both distal and proximal to the axis
- CKC muscle contraction reproduces the accelerating (concentric), decelerating (eccentric), and stabilizing (isometric) function of the muscles
- CKC movement is coordinated and functional and allows for predomination of certain muscle groups without actual isolation (other muscles involved to stabilize)
- Normal physiological loads are created through the skeletal system as opposed to abnormal and artificially induced external loads
- Allows for variable speed of movement that is not predetermined or influenced which mimics biomechanical acceleration and deceleration
- Biomechanically consistent overload to soft tissues
- Proximal and distal stabilization is produced through normal postural mechanisms and not through artificial means such as straps
- Allow triplanar motion
- Facilitates normal proprioceptive feedback mechanisms
- Unlimited potential for variation
- Integrated chain reaction of events at multiple joints that involves many muscle groups
- Enhances body awareness
14
Q
Disadvantages of Closed Kinetic Chain Exercise
A
- Difficult to evaluate with objective documentation
- Difficult to isolate muscle groups
- Requires expertise to detect fatigue as represented by subtle substitution
- Difficult to provide control
15
Q
Closed Kinetic Chain Exercise for the Lower Extremity
A
Distal stabilization with proximal motion utilizing body weight as resistance
