RESP FAILURE

Question 1

TYPE 1 RESP FAILURE

Answer 1

• low level of oxygen
• normal level of carbon dioxide
  CO2 build up
  caused by a ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch; the volume of air flowing in and out of the lungs is not matched with the flow of blood to the lungs

CAUSES OF TYPE 1 RESP FAILURE CAN PROGRESS TO TYPE 2

Question 2

cause of TYPE 1 RESP FAILURE

Answer 2

Low ambient oxygen (e.g. at high altitude)

Ventilation-perfusion mismatch (parts of the lung receive oxygen but not enough blood to absorb it, e.g. pulmonary embolism)

Alveolar hypoventilation (decreased minute volume due to reduced respiratory muscle activity, e.g. in acute neuromuscular disease); this form can also cause type 2 respiratory failure if severe

Diffusion problem (oxygen cannot enter the capillaries due to parenchymal disease, e.g. in pneumonia or ARDS)

Shunt (oxygenated blood mixes with non-oxygenated blood from the venous system, e.g. right to left shunt)

Question 3

TYPE 2 RESP FAILURE

Answer 3

Failure of ventilation

• Decreased oxygen
• Increased carbon dioxide

Question 4

Effect of vetilatory failure

Answer 4

• Low Ph, denatures enzymes from working

- worsening hypercapnia, lower arterial ph, development of acute resp acidosis

Question 5

Causes of Type 2 resp failure

Answer 5

( chestwall and muscles)

1. Guillian Barre syndrome - autoimmune disorder where it attacks peripheral nerves and causes paralysis
2. Stroke - disturbance of brain tissue reduces drive to breathe