Respiration Flashcards
Define the term cellular respiration
an exothermic reaction that occurs continuously in the mitochondria of living cells to release energy from glucose
What do organisms need energy for?
- chemical reactions to build larger molecules from smaller molecules
- muscle contraction for movement
- keeping warm
What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
aerobic uses oxygen, anaerobic doesn’t use oxygen
Write the word equation for aerobic respiration
glucose + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water
Write the word equation for anaerobic respiration in muscles
glucose —> lactic acid
Write the balanced symbol equation for aerobic respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 —> 6CO2 + 6H2O
Why does aerobic respiration release more energy than anaerobic respiration?
oxidation of glucose is complete in aerobic respiration and incomplete in anaerobic respiration
What is anaerobic respiration in yeast cells called?
fermentation
Write the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plant and yeast cells
glucose —> ethanol + carbon dioxide
How does the body supply the muscles with more oxygenated blood during exercise?
heart rate, breathing rate and breath volume increases
What substance builds up in the muscles during anaerobic respiration?
lactic acid
What happens to muscles during long periods of activity?
muscles become fatigued and stop contracting efficiently
What is oxygen debt?
amount of oxygen the body needs after exercise to react with the accumulated lactic acid and remove it from cells
How is lactic acid removed from the body?
lactic acid in muscles —> blood transports to liver —> lactic acid converted back to glucose
What is metabolism?
sum of all the reactions in a cell or the body
