respiration and gas exchange Flashcards
chemical and word equation for respiration
glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H20
When does anaerobic respiration happen
when we cant get enough oxygen to keep up with aerobic respiration
what is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals
glucose -> lactic acid
what is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast
glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide
is respiration endothermic or exothermic
exothermic - involves release of energy
examples of how cells use the energy from respiration
muscle contraction
maintaining body temperature
moving substances around the cell
what is metabolism
combination of all chemical reactions in an organism
why do animals prefer aerobic respiration over anaerobic
anaerobic produces lactic acid, which can damage cells
anaerobic doesnt release as much energy as it doesnt break down the glucose molecules completley
which structures connect bronchi to the alveoli
bronchioles
how are alveoli adapted for gas exchange
walls are single cell thick - short diffusion distance
large surface area as there are so many of them - shorter diffusion
walls are moist - allows gases to dissolve - increasing rate of diffusion
which substance inside red blood cells does oxygen bind to
haemoglobin
what happens during inspiration (breathing in)
intercostal muscles contract - moving the ribcage up and out
the diaphragm contracts and flattens
air flows into the lungs down the pressure gradient
lung pressure decreases below atmospheric pressure
what happens during expiration (breathing out)
intercostal muscles contract - allowing the ribcage to move down and in
the diaphragm relaxes and rises
lung pressure increases above atmospheric pressure
air is forced out of the lungs down the pressure gradient
what body part protects the lungs
ribcage
what happens to the lungs during inhalation
they expand
