Respiratory & Cardiovascular

Question 1

Where should you stand for respiratory assessment? What should the patients position be?

Answer 1

Client’s right side.
Client sitting upright

Question 2

Pitting edema grades

Answer 2

1+ slight 2mm
2+ deeper 4mm
3+ deep, extremity looks larger 6mm
4+ very deep, gross edema in extremity 8mm

Question 3

What heart area is best heard at which auscultation point? And what intercostal space?

Answer 3

1 aortic 2nd
2 pulmonic 2nd
3 erb’s point 3rd
4 tricuspid 4/5th
5 mitral/apical 5th

Question 4

Atelectasis & what it puts patients at risk for.

Answer 4

Collapsing alveoli
Risk for pneumonia

Question 5

Ataxic breathing

Answer 5

Irregular, periods of apnea

Question 6

Cheyne-stokes

Answer 6

Apnic Increase decrease apnic

Question 7

Kussmaul

Answer 7

Sign of DKA.
Deep & fast at a consistent pace.

Question 8

Kyphosis

Answer 8

Hunch-back that is expected in older adults.
Compacts the lungs

Question 9

Oder I P P A for respiratory assessment

Answer 9

Inspect
Palpate
Percussion
Auscultation

Question 10

Oder I P P A for abdominal

Answer 10

Inspect
Auscultation
Palpate
Percussion

Question 11

Where are the bronchovesicular breath sounds?

Answer 11

On either side of the manubrium & either side of upper spine

Question 12

What age do kids switch from belly breathing to thoracic?

Answer 12

About 8-10 start switching

Question 13

When do new alveoli stop forming?

Answer 13

About 8 yo

Question 14

Client position for cardio assessment?

Answer 14

Client supine & hob elevated 30 degrees

Question 15

Major leg veins

Answer 15

Femoral, popliteal, saphenous

Question 16

Orthostatic hypotension

Answer 16

BP drops when standing up

Question 17

Capillaries

Answer 17

Connects venules and arterioles

Question 18

S1 & S2

Answer 18

S1: lub, closing of Tricuspid & mitral, beginning of systole
S2: dub, closing of pulmonic & aortic, beginning of diastole

Question 19

JVD and what position must they be in to diagnose it

Answer 19

Sign of Right side HF.
HOB must be 30-45 degrees.

Question 20

What closes when newborns are born?

Answer 20

Foramen ovale & ductus arteriosus

Question 21

Intercostal space for infant apical pulse? What age does it change?

Answer 21

4th IS until age 7yo

Question 22

What is hair loss on legs a sign of?

Answer 22

Atrial insufficiency
Expected in older clients

Question 23

What are expected cardio changes in older clients?

Answer 23

Apical impulse harder to find
Small and fewer lymph nodes
Hair loss on legs
Varicosities

Question 24

CO for adults

Answer 24

4-8L/min

Question 25

CO =

Answer 25

HR x SV

Question 26

Innocent murmurs

Answer 26

Swooshing or blowing sound.
Normal in newborns.