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ATR 540 Pathology of Injury and Illness > Respiratory Disorders > Flashcards

Respiratory Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the flow of oxygen into the body by respiration.

A

Enters nasopharynx –> oropharynx –> laryngopharynx –> trachea –> bronchi –> bronchioles –> alveoli

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2
Q

These mucous and tiny hair-like projections the line the upper airway and bronchi serve to filter the incoming air.

A

Cilia

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3
Q

What structure warms and moisturizes incoming air?

A

nasopharynx

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4
Q

Process of gas exchange.

A

Respiration

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5
Q

Gas exchange occurs in the _____.

A

aveoli

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6
Q

Process of moving air in and out of the lungs

A

Ventilation

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7
Q

TRUE or FALSE

A decrease in intrapulmonic pressure draws air into lungs.

A

TRUE

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8
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Inspiration occurs via active muscle contraction where as expiration is a passive action.

A

TRUE

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9
Q

What occurs during inspiration?

A

Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract, ribcage expands

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10
Q

What occurs during expiration?

A

Elastic recoil of ribcage, change in pressure forces air out of lungs

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11
Q

The air that fills areas in the respiratory tract that no O2 exchange takes place

A

Anatomic Dead Space

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12
Q

Alveoli where there is not adequate ventilation or blood flow for O2 exchange takes place

A

Physiologic Dead Space

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13
Q

List accessory inspiratory muscles.

A 
abdominals
sternocleidomastoid
scalenes
serratus anterior
pectoralis muscles
upper trapezius 
levator scapulae (with severe respiratory distress)
trapezius (with severe respiratory distress)
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14
Q

How does low pH affect respiration?

A

It stimulates the breathing center in the medulla oblongata, which increases ventilation rate and depth to expel the acidic waste products and rebalance pH

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15
Q

_____ in the aorta and carotid arteries are sensitive to changes in blood pressure

A

Baroreceptors

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16
Q

_____ in the aorta and carotid arteries detect decreases in blood oxygen levels

A

Chemoreceptors

17
Q

ventilation muscles (diaphragm, intercostals, and accessory muscles) are controlled by:

A 
phrenic nerve (C3-5)
cranial nerve XI (sternocleidomastoid)
segmental thoracic nerves (intercostal muscles)
18
Q

List some factors affecting ventilation during exercise.

A

Neurogenic factors
Temperature control
Humoral factors
Muscle and Joint receptors

19
Q

Pulmonary structures can refer pain to the _____.

A

Chest, neck, and shoulders

20
Q

The _____ refers pain to the ipsilateral shoulder

and may also refer to the neck, ribs, or spine.

A

diaphragm

21
Q

_____ is caused by inflammation of the parietal pleura

producing sharp, stabbing pain over the affected area that worsens with coughing or deep inspiration

A

Pleurisy

22
Q

A subtle vibration with breathing, suggests pulmonary or pleural edema

A

Fremitus

23
Q

Pain with lateral compression of the ribs suggests an _____ rib fracture.

A

anterior

24
Q

Pain with anterior compression of the ribs suggests a _____ rib fracture

A

lateral

25
Q

What does an abnormal hyperresonance (tympanic drum sound) of the thorax indicate?

A

An abnormal air space in the thorax (ie, pneumothorax, emphysema)

26
Q

Abnormal dull sound indicates:

A

pulmonary edema
pleural edema
hemothorax

27
Q

Normal breathing in adults is _____ breaths per minute

A

10-15

28
Q

Hypopnea

A

Shallow, slow breaths

29
Q

Shortness of breath when lying down

A

Orthopnea

30
Q

Respiration rate of more than 20 bpm.

A

Hyperpnea

31
Q

TRUE or FALSE

A pulmonary condition that increases respiration rate will usually also increase the heart rate

A

TRUE

32
Q

TRUE or FALSE

As blood oxygen levels decrease, blood pressure rises to maintain the delivery of oxygen to the tissues

A

TRUE

33
Q

An athlete has a PEF of 90% of his personal best. What actions should be taken.

PEF

A

Athlete is clear to play/workout without limitations

34
Q

An athlete has a PEF of 55% of his personal best. What actions should be taken.

A

Athlete should take medication to raise PEF; workout might need to be altered; person should be monitored closely

35
Q

What is a medical emergency concerning PEF?

A

If patient/athlete has a PEF

36
Q

The collapse of a lung segment’s alveoli

A

Atelectasis

37
Q

Free-floating segment of ribs created by multiple rib fractures bulges with expiration collapses with inspiration

A

Flair chest

38
Q

Collapsed lung

A

Pneumothorax

ATR 540 Pathology of Injury and Illness (8 decks)

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