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Pulmonary > Respiratory Medications > Flashcards

Respiratory Medications Flashcards

0
Q

What are the 7 classes of medications used to treat respiratory issues?

A
  • Beta agonists (long and short acting)
  • Anti-cholinergics
  • Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS)
  • Methylxanthines
  • Mast cell stabilizers
  • Leukotriene receptor antagonists
  • Antibody to IgE
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1
Q

What is the method of action for short acting beta agonists?

A

Relax smooth muscle, brochodilators

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2
Q

What are the methods of delivery for inhaled drugs?

A 
Jet nebulizers
Ultrasonic nebulizers 
Metered-dose inhalers
Dry powder inhalers 
- flexhaler
- diskus
- aerolizer
- twisthaler
Soft mist inhaler
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3
Q

What is the first class of drug chosen for acute asthma exacerbations?

A

SABAs

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4
Q

What are the 3 SABAs?

A

Albuterol
Levabuterol
Pirbuterol

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5
Q

What are some brand names for albuterol?

A

ProAir
Ventolin
Accuneb
Combivent and Dueneb (combined with ipratropium)

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6
Q

What is a brand name of Levabuterol?

A

Xopenex

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7
Q

What is a brand name of Pirbuterol?

A

Maxair

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8
Q

What is the method of action for LABAs?

A

Bronchodilation, relaxes smooth muscle

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9
Q

What are the generic names of LABAs?

A 
Aformoterol
Formoterol
Salmeterol
Indacterol
Vilanterol
Olodaterol
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10
Q

Brand name of Arformoterol?

A

Be ivana

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11
Q

Brands of Formoterol?

A

Foradil
Performist
Symbicort (combo with budesonide) and Dulera (combos with mometasone)

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12
Q

Brand of Salmeterol?

A

Serevent

Advair (combo with fluticasone)

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13
Q

Brand of Indacterol?

A

Arcapta

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14
Q

Brands of Vilanterol?

A 
Anoro Ellipta (combo with Umeclidinium)
Breo Ellipta (combo with fluticasone)
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15
Q

Brand of Olodaterol?

A

Striverdi Respimat

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16
Q

What are side effects of beta-agonists?

A 
Tachycardia
Tremor
Rhinitis
Viral infection
Headache
Nervousness
Serum level imbalances: 
-increased glucose
-decreased potassium
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17
Q

Method of action for anti-cholinergics?

A

Bronchodilators via blocking acetylcholine sites

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18
Q

What are the generic anti-cholinergics?

A

Ipratroponium
Tiotroponium
Aclindium
Umeclidinium

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19
Q

What are brands of ipratropium?

A

Atrovent

Combivent and Duoneb (combos with albuterol)

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20
Q

Brand of Tiotropium?

A

Spiriva (long acting)

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21
Q

Brand of Aclidinium?

A

Tudorza (long acting)

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22
Q

Brand of Umeclidinium?

A

Anoro Ellipta (combo with Vilanterol)

23
Q

Side effects of anticholineric drugs?

A 
Xerostomia (dry mouth)***
Bronchitis
COPD exacerbation
Sinusitis 
Pharyngitis
Upper respiratory tract infection
Headache
Urinary tract infection
Dyspnea
24
Q

Mechanism of action of inhaled corticosteroids?

A

Decrease inflammation (decrease mucus, inhibit prostaglandins, inhibit leukocyte action)

25
Q

Generics of inhaled corticosteroids?

A 
Fluticasone 
Budesonide
Beclamethasone
Ciclesonide
Flunisolide
Mometasone
26
Q

Brands of fluticasone?

A

Flovent
Advair (combo with Salmeterol)
Breo Elliptica (combo with Vilanterol)

27
Q

Brand of Budesonide?

A

Entocort
Pulmicort
Uceris
Symbicort (combo with Formoterol)

28
Q

Brand name of Beclamethasone?

A

QVAR

29
Q

Brand of Ciclesonide?

A

Alvesco

30
Q

Brand of Flunisolide?

A

Aerospan

31
Q

Brand of Mometasone?

A

Asmanex

Dulera (combo with Formoterol)

32
Q

Side effects of inhaled corticosteroids?

A 
Oral candidiasis (thrush)***
Headache
Bruising
Acne
Nausea
Diarrhea
Edema
Respiratory infection
Sinusitis
Pharyngitis
Rhinitis
33
Q

Side effects of long term use of systemic corticosteroids?

A 
Decreased bone mass (osteoporosis)
Muscular atrophy
Thinning of skin
Development of cataracts
Adrenal suppression and insufficiency 
Far redistribution (moon face, buffalo hump)
34
Q

Mechanism of action for Methylxanthines?

A

Bronchodilator, anti-inflammatory

35
Q

Generics of Methylxanthines?

A

Theophylline
Aminophylline
Caffeine

36
Q

Brands of theophylline

A

Elixophyllin
Theo-24
Theochron

37
Q

Side effects of methxantines?

A

Similar effects as caffeine
Potentially life threatening side effects
Drug interactions

Nausea/vomiting
Tachycardia
Jitteriness/difficulty sleeping
Cardiac tachydysrhthmias
Seizures
38
Q

What is the mechanism of action of mast cell stabilizers?

A

Prevents mast cell release of histamine a, Leukotrienes

39
Q

Generic and brand name of mast cell stabilizers?

A

Cromolyn (Gastrocrom)

40
Q

Side effects of mast cell stabilizers?

A

Bad taste in mouth
Burning eyes
Overall well tolerated

41
Q

What is the MOA of Leukotriene receptor antagonists?

A

Slows release of substances of anaphylaxis via oral tablet (typically used in kids)

42
Q

Generics of Leukotriene receptor antagonists?

A

Montelukast
Zafirlukast
Zileuton

43
Q

Brand name of Montelukast?

A

Singulair

44
Q

Brand of Zafirlukast?

A

Accolade

45
Q

Brand of Zileuton?

A

Skyfall

46
Q

Side effects of Leukotriene receptor antagonists?

A 
Headache
Increased liver enzymes
Infection
Nausea
Diarrhea
47
Q

What is the MOA of antibody to IgE?

A

Inhibits IgE binding this decreasing allergic response

48
Q

What is the generic and brand name for an antibody to IgE drug?

A

Omalizumab (Xolair)

49
Q

Side effects of antibody to IgE?

A

Injection site reaction
Pain
Arthralgia
Anaphylaxis

50
Q

What are drugs that can induce apnea?

A

Opioids via CNS depression

51
Q

What drug can induce asthma?

A

Acetaminophen

52
Q

What drug can induce bronchospasm?

A

Beta-blockers (especially non- selective)

53
Q

Pulmonary edema can be induced by what class of drugs?

A

Opioids

54
Q

What nutrition supplements are given to patients with CF?

A

Vitamins A, D, E, K

Calcium and vitamin D

55
Q

What medications are used for airway clearance in CF?

A

Bronchodilators(albuterol)
HyperSal(inhaled hypertonic saline)
Pulmozyme
Aerosolozed antibiotics

56
Q

What drug allows Cl channels to remain open longer in individuals with a CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance) mutation?

A

Ivacaftor (Kalydeco)

Only works with G551D mutation

Pulmonary (1 decks)

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