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MT 2 Respiratory > Respiratory Pathology and Tests > Flashcards

Respiratory Pathology and Tests Flashcards

1
Q

auscultation

A

listening to sounds within the body

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2
Q

percussion

A

tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure

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3
Q

pleural rub

A

scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other

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4
Q

rales (crackles)

A

fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation (during inhalation) when there is fluid in the alveoli

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5
Q

rhonchi (singular is rhonchus)

A

loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum

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6
Q

sputum

A

material expelled from the bronchi, lungs, or upper respiratory tract by spitting. Prulent (containing pus) is green or brown and results from infection.

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7
Q

stridor

A

strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx

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8
Q

wheezes

A

continuous high-pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing

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9
Q

croup

A

acute viral infection of infants and children with obstruction of the larynx, barking cough, and stridor.

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10
Q

diphtheria

A

acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by the diphtheria bacterium.

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11
Q

cepistaxis

A

nosebleed

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12
Q

pertussis

A

whooping cough; highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea caused by Bordetella pertussis

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13
Q

asthma

A

chronic bronchial inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial edema and constriction and increased mucus production

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14
Q

bronchiectasis

A

chronic dilation of a bronchus secondary to infection.

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15
Q

chronic bronchitis

A

inflammation of bronchi persisting over a long time; type of COPD

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16
Q

cystic fibrosis (CF)

A

inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick mucous secretions in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally

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17
Q

atelectasis

A

collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveoli

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18
Q

emphysema

A

hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls

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19
Q

lung cancer

A

malignant tumor arising from the lungs and bronchi

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20
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs, with chronic inflammation, infection, and bronchitis

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21
Q

pneumonia

A

acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction

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22
Q

infiltrate

A

a fluid-filled area within the lungs as seen on a chest x-ray or CT scan (in pneumonia)

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23
Q

Lobar pneumonia

A

involves an entire lobe of a lung

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24
Q

bronchopneumonia

A

common in infants and the elderly, involves patchy consolidation (abscesses) in the lung parenchyma.

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25
Q

community-acquired pneumonia

A

results from a contagious respiratory infection, caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria. Usually treated at home with oral antibiotics

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26
Q

hospital-acquired pneumonia (nosocomial pneumonia)

A

acquired during hospitalization.

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27
Q

aspiration pneumonia

A

caused by material, such as food or vomitus, lodging in bronchi or lungs. a danger to the elderly, Alzheimer disease patients, stroke victims, and people with dysphagia

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28
Q

pulmonary abscess

A

large collection of pus (bacterial infection) in the lungs)

29
Q

pulmonary edema

A

fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles

30
Q

pulmonary embolism (PE)

A

clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung

31
Q

pulmonary fibrosis

A

formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs

32
Q

sarcoidosis

A

chronic inflammatory disease in which small nodules (granulomas) develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs

33
Q

tuberculosis (TB)

A

infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis; lungs usually are involved, but any organ in the body may be affected.

34
Q

mesothelioma

A

rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura

35
Q

pleural effusion

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space (cavity)

36
Q

pleurisy (pleuritis)

A

inflammation of the pleura

37
Q

pneumothorax

A

collection of air in the pleural space

38
Q

pleurodesis

A

the artificial production of adhesions between the parietal and visceral leura for treatment of persistent pneumothorax and severe pleural effusion.

39
Q

anthracosis

A

coal dust accumulation in the lungs

40
Q

asbestosis

A

asbestos particles accumulate in the lungs

41
Q

bacilli (singular: bacillus)

A

rod-shaped bacteria (cause of tuberculosis)

42
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

chronic condition of persistent obstruction of air flow through bronchial tubes and lungs. COPD is caused by smoking, air pollution, chronic infection, and in a minority of cases, asthma. Patients with predominant chronic bronchitis COPD are referred to as “blue bloaters” (cyanotic, stocky build), whereas those with predominant emphysema are called “pink puffers” (short of breath, but with near-normal blood oxygen levels, and no change in skin color).

43
Q

cor pulmonale

A

failure of the right side of the heart to pump a sufficient amount of blood to the lungs because of underlying lung disease

44
Q

exudate

A

fluid, cells, and other substances (pus) that filter from cells or capillaries ooze into lesions or areas of inflammation

45
Q

hydrothorax

A

collection of fluid in the pleural cavity

46
Q

infiltrate

A

collection of fluid or other material within the lung, as seen on a chest film, CT scan, or other radiologic image

47
Q

palliative

A

relieving symptoms, but not curing the disease

48
Q

paroxysmal

A

pertaining to a sudden occurrence, such as a spasm or seizure; oxysm/o means sudden

49
Q

pulmonary infarction

A

area of necrosis (death of lung tissue)

50
Q

purulent

A

containing pus

51
Q

silicosis

A

disease due to silica or glass dust in the lungs; occurs in mining occupations

52
Q

chest x-ray (CXR)

A

radiographic image of the thoracic cavity

53
Q

computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest

A

computer generated series of x-ray images show thoracic structures in cross section and other planes

54
Q

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the chest

A

magnetic waves create detailed images of the chest in frontal, lateral, and cross-sectional (axial) planes.

55
Q

positron emission tomography (PET) scan of the lung

A

radioactive glucose is injected and images reveal metabolic activity in the lungs

56
Q

ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan

A

detection device records radioactivity in the lung after injection of a radioisotope or inhalation of small amount of radioactive gas (xenon)

57
Q

bronchoscopy

A

fiberoptic endoscope examination of the bronchial tubes

58
Q

endotracheal intubation

A

placement of a tube through the mouth into the pharynx, larynx, and trachea to establish an airway

59
Q

laryngoscopy

A

visual examination of the voice box

60
Q

lung biopsy

A

removal of lung tissue followed by microscopic examination

61
Q

mediastinoscopy

A

endoscopic visual examination of the mediastinum

62
Q

pulmonary function tests (PFTs)

A

tests that measure the ventilation mechanics of the lungs (airway function, lung volume, and capacity of the lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide efficiently)

63
Q

thoracentesis

A

surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pleural space

64
Q

thoracotomy

A

large surgical incision of the chest

65
Q

thoracoscopy (thorascopy)

A

visual examination of the chest via small incisions and use of an endoscope

66
Q

thracheostomy

A

surgical creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck

67
Q

tuberculin test

A

determines past or present tuberculous infection based on a positive skin reaction (ie Heaf test and the tine test)

68
Q

tube thoracostomy

A

chest tube is passed through an opening in the chest to continuously drain a pleural effusion

MT 2 Respiratory (4 decks)

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